Sexual selection is responsible for the development of highly elaborated traits, known as secondary sexual characters (SSCs) (Andersson, 1994;Cotton et al., 2006; Darwin, 1871). These SSCs are used during courtship to persuade and stimulate females to mate using visual, auditory, tactile, and/or chemical signals (Andersson, 1994;Eberhard, 1996;Mitoyen et al., 2019). Theory indicates that these SSCs are used by females as indicators of male quality (Cotton et al., 2004;Grafen, 1990;Zahavi, 1975). The fundamental idea is that the cost of producing and maintaining SSCs depends directly on the condition of males, which can be defined as