Geographical indication (“G.I”) is a designation that indicates the unique and original qualities of a product originating from a particular geographical location. The human factor (Indigenous people) plays a big role in the creation of a geographical indication, in addition to environmental and geographical factors. Preserving the intellectual property rights of Indigenous People through G.I will result in a more advantageous impact on their community, especially for those who rely on G.I products for their livelihood. This not only safeguards their cultural identity and dignity but also enables them to benefit from the commercial value of their intellectual property, whether through direct sales or licensing agreement. Indonesia have ratified the International regulation and issued Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademark and Geographical Indications. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and examine the current status of geographical indication protection in Indonesia and assess if it is being implemented in line with the expectations set forth in the relevant legislation based on the supportive data and previous cases. The paper will then illustrate the impact and advantages for Indigenous communities in preserving and registering their geographical indications, using examples of successful geographical indication registrations from around the world. The type of  research method is  normative  while the approaches employed are statutory and conceptual approaches with an analytical and descriptive research design. Based on the research conducted,  the legal framework for protecting G.I has been sufficiently established but the government has not fully prioritized based on the data presented and cases documented. This paper will present several recommendations for the government and other relevant stakeholders.

The exhaustion doctrine in intellectual property law refers to the limitation imposed on the rights of owners to enforce their intellectual property rights after a particular point of sale. It creates a framework for determining the legality of parallel imports and helps to balance the interests of intellectual property owners and consumers. This paper presents a comparative study on the trademark exhaustion principle and parallel import between the European Union (EU) and Indonesia. The study investigates the legal framework and the practical application of these concepts in both jurisdictions. This study uses a normative research method and a legal comparative approach to analyze and describe the legal frameworks of different jurisdictions. The research findings indicate that the EU has a well-defined threshold for the exhaustion of trademark rights, which is aligned with the regional exhaustion principle. In contrast, the Indonesian legal system lacks clarity on this principle, which creates confusion and uncertainty for trademark owners and parallel importers. Last, this research also provides insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics who are interested in the current exhaustion principle and parallel import development.

Non-fungible tokens, also known as NFTs, are a special kind of digital record of ownership that is utilized in a certain manner to guarantee validity and uniqueness of intangible goods. Due to its features, NFTs become interesting among art creators and even asset collector. Transactions on NFT create incredible values, which raises a number of legal issues, particularly in the realm of intellectual property rights related to copyright. This research aims to explains the connection between the existence of NFT and current copyright law in Indonesia focusing on the ownership and transfer of rights from the purchasing of NFTs. The author will try to compare on other jurisdictions (Ireland & Germany) concerning the copyright legal framework. Furthermore, the practice by licensing method in current NFTs marketplace will also be demonstrate through this paper. The research methodology employed is a normative juridical approach with an analytical and descriptive research design. Based on the research conducted, there is still a legal gap in Indonesian copyright law, particularly in the realm of NFTs and the idea of droit de suite, which has existed in intellectual property right concept globally. Finally, this paper will present several recommendations for the government and other relevant stakeholders upon NFTs transactions.