Indonesia has the second-highest biodiversity of native medicinal plants globally, following Amazon rainforests (Elfahmi et al., 2014).These medicinal plants are known to contain a large number of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants and antibiotics, which are beneficial to human health (Bhat & Sharma, 2020). Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) comprises curcumin, which can act as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent (Hussain et al., 2017).Flavonoids, dyarilheptanoids, and terpenes are available in the rhizomes of galangal (Alpinia officinarum), which have been widely investigated for their biological activity (Basri et al., 2017). Gingerol and α-curcumene present in ginger (Zingiber officinale R.