At present, the use of antibacterial drugs is one of the most frequently recommended methods of treating a large number of infectious diseases. However, in clinical practice, excessive use of antibiotics, unreasonable antibiotic therapy, and inappropriate combinations are quite common, which creates the risk of unwanted side effects, increases the cost of treatment and leads to an increase in microorganism resistance. That is why, in modern medicine, the problem of rational antibiotic therapy, i.e. the adequate use of antibacterial drugs, compliance with strict indications for their use, certain schemes and principles of use, and the creation of protocols for antibiotic therapy in pediatric practice, remains relevant. Antibacterial drugs should be prescribed for inflammatory diseases of bacterial etiology and for perioperative prophylaxis. Antibiotics should not be used in the treatment of uncomplicated acute viral respiratory diseases, since they do not have an antiviral effect, do not reduce fever, and do not prevent the development of bacterial complications. The purpose of this work is to form a methodological approach to the use of antibacterial drugs in pediatrics based on existing Russian recommendations.

The use of drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains one of the least studied, but important issues in pharmacology today. When choosing medicinal products during pregnancy, one of the crucial principles is to ensure the safety of the embryo and fetus. Among the generally accepted rules aimed at eliminating fetal risk, a decrease in the dosage of the drug to the lower limit of the therapeutic range is usually named. However, one should take into account the changes that occur in the body of a pregnant woman: the body weight and the volume of circulating blood rise, the excretion of drugs is accelerated (the clearance increases), which, on the contrary, requires an increase in the dosages of individual drugs to maintain therapeutic efficacy. Antibacterial drugs (ABD) are the most difficult group of drugs to use, since they require taking into account not only the mechanism of action of drugs, but also the basics of clinical microbiology. ABD occupy a special place in clinical practice, as they are one of the most frequently prescribed classes of drugs.