Elderly is a person who enters a period of achievement level of maturity that has shown deterioration, aged 60 years and older. This group which is categorized as elderly is experiencing an aging process which is marked by a decline in the body systems. Cardiovascular disease is responsible for more mortality, especially in people over 60 years of age with a history of hypertension. This study used a literature review method. A systematic search strategy was carried out by accessing the NCBI Pubmed, Elsevier, and PedRo databases online using the keywords "exercise", "hypertension" and "elderly". Based on the result of the search for articles that have been carried out, there were 90 articles. Nine articles that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed and all of them showed impact of exercise on reduction of blood pressure. Aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, breathing exercise and exercise in water affect the reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive elderly. Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of these exercises in reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is group of disorders characterized by long-term disabilities that affect the quality of life (QoL) of both patients and those caring for them. This study aimed to examine biopsychosocial determinants of quality of life among children with cerebral palsy, using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Fondation for the Care of Disable Children (YPAC) and Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Therapy Center, Surakarta, Central Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 110 children with cerebral palsy was selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were gross motoric skill, parental stress, family support, and social support. Data on quality of life was measured by Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life (CP-QOL) questionnaire. The other data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Quality of life of children with cerebral palsy increased with better gross motor (b= 2.79; 95% CI= 1.54 to 4.03; p<0.001), strong family support (b=1.25; 95% CI= 0.26 to 2.24; p= 0.013), and strong social support (b= 0.99; 95% CI= 0.014 to 1.97; p= 0.047). Quality of life of children with cerebral palsy indirectly decreased with high parental stress (b= -1.55; 95% CI= -2.38 to -0.72; p<0.001). Conclusion:Quality of life of children with cerebral palsy increases with better gross motor, strong family support, and strong social support, but indirectly decreases with high parental stress.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by three-dimensional changes in the vertebrae that occur in children aged 10-18 years. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through a literature review. Research article searches were carried out in the PubMed and BMC Central databases using the keywords “adolescent”, “idiopathic”, “prevalence” and “prevalence” from 2010 to 2020. Articles in English and Indonesian were selected using keywords, and 389 articles were found. The articles were then selected based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, leaving 5 articles to be reviewed. The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is higher in girls than boys and the prevalence increases with age. The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis varies between 0.72-4.3%.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is a form of complaint that occurs in bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Globally, MSDs are the biggest single cause of health complaints among workers. The purpose of this study was to analyze psychosocial factors that can increase risk of MSDs in reproductive age patients. This study used an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. A sample 0f 116 subject was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire and medical record, and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Risk of MSDs was directly related to with non-ergonomic work posture (OR: 2.35; CI 95%:1.44 to 3.26; P<0.001), there was indirect association with stress level variable (OR:0.79;CI 95%:0.01 to 1.58;P=0.047) which affected by type of work variabel (OR:0.83;CI 95%:0.87 to 1.58;P=0.029) and indirectly assaciated with bad work environment (OR:1.07;CI 95%:0.28 to 1.85;P=0.008).

The problem of the elderly group in the Posyandu Lansia Aisyiyah Banjarsari Surakarta based on the result of observation and survey is the lack of awareness of the elderly in maintaining health that can lead to geriatric condition, especially musculoskeletal health problems. Based on these problems, the solution offered to the partner group is assisting the elderly by providing health education. Health education program by a healthy elderly class consisting of health education, regular health condition check-up, early detection, intervention of geriatric problems, and recreation functional activities. Sustainable assistance is provided through healthy elderly class. Output that will be produced through this program are booklet and journal. Result of this program is an increase in elderly knowledge about musculoskeletal problems such as Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis and Low Back Pain. Conclusion of this community service is that the activity that have been carried out get positive and good response by the cadres and elderly. After attending the ederly class activities, the elderly learn about musculoskeletal cases in elderly, prevention and treatment in musculoskeletal disorder.