The main objective was to synthesize in the laboratory and characterize the molecular sieve MCM-41. This study has a strong experimental character. The hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 100 ° C for a period of 7 days. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, EDX, Adsorption Capacity and the Foster Swelling test. Through XRD verified the formation of mesoporous structure. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used. The Foster Swelling Test results indicated that the affinity of molecular sieve MCM-41 occurred in the treated clay tested in all organic solvents (gasoline, diesel, kerosene), without and with agitation.

Clays modified with quaternary ammonium salts, organoclays, have an affinity for organic compounds undergoing expansion. In this study, the smectite clay Chocolate" A" was subjected to the process of organophilization with quaternary ammoniumchloride, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) to improve its hydrophobic properties and thus increase the affinity for organic compounds. The samples were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and tests of expansion by swelling of Foster. The results showed appropriate conditions organophilization process. Through XRD confirmed the increase in basal spacing for the clay modified with respect to the clay in natural, 15.46Å to 19.99Å after treatment with the quaternary ammonium salt. Bands of the CH3 and CH2 were detected by infrared spectroscopy analysis of the sample and the organoclay according to the tests of expansion was possible to observe the affinity of the organoclay with organic compounds: gasoline, kerosene and diesel.

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays. Clays modified with quaternary ammonium cations (organoclays) have better performance in sorption, remove oil and grease from water at seven times the rate of activated carbon, as well as they can be used like perforation fluids of oil wells to the oil base, lubricants, among others industries. This work aims characterize the Cloisite 30B using various techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Specific Surface Area (BET) and Cation Exchange Capacity. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used in order to investigate the clays compatibility after orgophilization.

This study aims to conduct an investigation on the performance of an organophilic clay as adsorbent in the oil/water separation process. One goal of this work is to prepare and characterize untreated sodium clay (BSN-01) from Argentina and treated BSN-01. The method used to prepare the organoclay replaces the interlayer cations of the clay (Na+) by quaternary ammonium cations. Tests used X-ray diffraction to verify the obtaining of organoclays. The diffractograms showed that the basal distance of the clay BSN-01 was modified, indicating that the quaternary ammonium salt was intercalated. The results of Cation Exchange Capacity suggested that the interlayer cations of the clay were exchanged with the quaternary cations of the surfactant. Finite bath tests determined the rate and capacity of oil removal by the treated clay. Up to 42.63 mg/g of oil removal capacity (92.34% efficiency) was reached, indicating that the clay treated with CTAC is an excellent alternative in the process of oil removal.

No abstract