Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the studies about workaround behavior in the Information Systems (IS) area, addressing its positive and negative aspects and raising the key related issues. Design/methodology/approach-A systematic literature review was conducted to verify how workaround behavior has been approached in IS studies. A qualitative method was adopted and implemented in two stages: selection of articles from the time period 2007-2017 in the databases Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus and analysis of the selected articles. Findings-The results showed that many studies have been concerned with identifying the principal reasons for the manifestation of workaround behavior and the measures taken to reduce its impacts. Many studies from international journals examined the implementation of an ERP along with the workaround behavior. The need to expand the national studies on workaround behavior is emphasized, because the majority of the identified studies are international. Research limitations/implications-The key limitation is related to the period of analysis, because only articles published since 2007 were selected. Practical implications-This paper contributes to both theory and practice, bringing relevant concepts about workaround behavior, and corroborating the importance of the studies on workaround in the IS area. The literature review of the 20 articles analyzed reveals the main features in each article, such as theoretical and methodological aspects that support the research. Based on this analysis, a conceptual map was developed presenting the most relevant points about workaround behavior, where the causes, the negative and positive consequences, the types of solutions and the organizational and individual impacts are presented. Originality/value-Research into workaround behavior has increased in recent years, however very few studies have been conducted in Brazil. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no articles regarding Brazil and this subject were published between 2007 and 2017. Thus, this paper seeks to redress this imbalance.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é medir o impacto dos investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) nas variáveis estratégicas organizacionais e no desempenho das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs). Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa e explanatória através da aplicação de uma survey com 235 MPEs. Originalidade e relevância: O crescimento dos investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação levou um número crescente de empresas a adotarem a TI como ferramenta estratégica para melhorarem o desempenho e obterem vantagem competitiva. Quanto mais financeiramente acessíveis esses investimentos se tornarem, mais rápida é a sua popularização entre as MPEs. No entanto, apesar dos benefícios aparentemente óbvios da TI, há dúvidas sobre seu impacto, especialmente nas MPEs. Para preencher esta lacuna, foram examinadas as variáveis estratégicas e de desempenho das MPEs. Resultados: Descobriu-se que os investimentos em TI têm um impacto positivo no gerenciamento de clientes associado ao desempenho de custos, vendas e produtividade. Constatou-se também que os investimentos em TI nas MPEs impactam principalmente os clientes e as variáveis internas de eficiência organizacional, sugerindo que, quando os investimentos em TI são direcionados para o gerenciamento de clientes e da empresa, os benefícios da TI no desempenho organizacional serão maiores.Contribuições teóricas / metodológicas: Esta pesquisa apresenta uma importante discussão sobre os investimentos em TI realizados em um setor com menor número de pesquisas: o das MPEs. Outra contribuição é a combinação de elementos estratégicos dos investimentos em TI com diferentes variáveis de desempenho.

IT users are increasingly experienced at adapting technologies to their needs; resulting in the widespread use of workarounds and shadow IT. To ascertain the impact of job characteristics on this behavior, a survey was conducted among 415 IT users. The collected data underwent Reliability Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis in SPSS software. Subsequently, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were conducted with the SmartPLS software. The main results indicate that autonomy is strongly related to workaround behavior and shadow IT usage. Workaround behavior and shadow IT use have also been proven to be strongly related. However, the level of skill variety and task identity do not seem to significantly affect workaround behavior and shadow IT usage. Finally, this study's findings demonstrate that both workaround behavior and shadow IT use are positively related to individual performance. Organizations are therefore encouraged to increase job autonomy in order to achieve enhanced individual performance by presenting workers with opportunities to adapt technologies in the form of workarounds and shadow IT. The use of such alternative solutions provides for faster and more dynamic communication and thus boosts collaboration among co-workers, external partners, and clients.

O uso de Tecnologias de Informação (TI) sem aprovação e suporte do departamento de TI, denominadas shadow IT, tem desafiado as organizações a repensarem as formas de gerenciar os recursos de TI com o objetivo de lidar com o uso de tecnologias não autorizadas nas organizações. Este trabalho revisou a literatura sobre shadow IT com o propósito de lançar luz sobre o fenômeno, apresentando e discutindo sua definição conceitual e tipos, conceitos relacionados e consequências do seu uso. O presente estudo é, assim, um esforço de melhor compreender o fenômeno com base na literatura existente, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento conceitual do tema, bem como sugerindo lacunas de pesquisa para avançar no conhecimento sobre uso de tecnologias não autorizadas nas organizações.

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of workaround behavior and the shadow IT usage as mediating variables in the relationship between job characteristics and individual performance. To achieve the objective, a survey was conducted with 415 IT users. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SmartPLS softwares. The main results indicate that the effect of job characteristics on individual performance is explained by the mediating variables workaround behavior and the shadow IT usage. In addition, the relationship between job characteristics with the workaround behavior and the shadow IT usage were confirmed. Finally, it was confirmed that the workaround behavior and the shadow IT usage are positively related to individual performance. As theoretical contributions this study presents information about workaround behavior that has been little explored in Brazilian researches. In addition, there is a lack of researches that has assessed how the job characteristics influence alternative solutions in the organizations.