Resumo Myrtaceae está representada no Brasil por 23 gêneros e 974 espécies e é uma das famílias mais representativas na Cadeia do Espinhaço. A Serra Geral é um dos soerguimentos que compõem o Espinhaço Setentrional e representa uma lacuna florística na região. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir o inventário florístico e o estudo taxonômico para a família Myrtaceae na Serra Geral de Licínio de Almeida, Bahia. Foram realizadas excursões ao campo entre 2012 e 2015 e os materiais foram depositados nos herbários HUEFS e ALCB. Foram reconhecidos oito gêneros e 43 espécies, sendo Psidium o gênero mais diverso (14 spp.), seguido de Eugenia (10 spp.), Myrcia (oito spp.), Myrciaria (cinco spp.) e Campomanesia (três spp.); Blepharocalyx, Calyptranthes e Plinia foram representados por uma espécie cada. Psidium rhombeum e Psidium ganevii são endêmicas da Bahia, enquanto que Calyptranthes clusiifolia é uma nova ocorrência para áreas serranas na Bahia. São apresentados uma chave de identificação específica, descrições e comentários, além de fotos e ilustrações diagnósticas.

-(Floristic survey of Myrtaceae in Jacobina municipality, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil). Myrtaceae is a pantropical family with around 5500 species and 132 genera and is highlighted by its complex (cryptic characters) and difficult taxonomy. In Brazil, Myrtaceae is represented by 23 genera and 974 species and is one of the most representative in the Espinhaço Range. The main goal of this work was the floristic survey of Myrtaceae in Jacobina, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Five expeditions were conducted between June/2011 and April/2012; herbaria materials were examined in the State; and specialized references and Myrtaceae experts were consulted. Seven genera and 32 species of Myrtaceae were found and Myrcia DC. (14 spp.), Eugenia L. (nove spp.), and Psidium L. (quatro spp.) were the most representative, corresponding to 87% of total species. Myrcia blanchetiana (O. Berg) and Mattos is endemic to Bahia, two species (Eugenia rostrata O. Berg and Psidium brownianum DC.) are new occurrence to Jacobina and a new species of Myrcia has been recognized. Generic and specific keys are presented, as well as discussion about the morphology and geographical distribution of the taxa. Keywords: Espinhaço Range, Myrcia, Serra do Tombador RESUMO -(Levantamento florístico de Myrtaceae no município de Jacobina, Chapada Diamantina, Estado da Bahia, Brasil) Myrtaceae é uma família pantropical com cerca de 5500 espécies e 132 gêneros e que se destacada pela taxonomia complexa (caracteres crípticos) e difícil. No Brasil, Myrtaceae está representada por 23 gêneros e 974 espécies e é uma das famílias mais representativas na Cadeia do Espinhaço. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento florístico de Myrtaceae no município de Jacobina, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Foram realizadas cinco expedições de coleta entre junho/2011 e abril/2012, analisado os materiais dos herbários no estado, consulta a bibliografias especializadas e especialistas da família. Foram encontrados sete gêneros e 32 espécies de Myrtaceae, sendo que Myrcia DC. (14 spp.), Eugenia L. (nove spp.) e Psidium L. (quatro spp.) foram os gêneros mais representativos, correspondendo a 87% do total de espécies. Myrcia blanchetiana (O.Berg) Mattos é endêmica para a Bahia, duas espécies (Eugenia rostrata O.Berg, Psidium brownianum DC.) são novas ocorrências para Jacobina e uma nova espécie de Myrcia foi reconhecida. São apresentadas chaves de identificações genéricas e específicas, além de discussões acerca da morfologia e distribuição geográfica dos táxons.

We describe, illustrate and compare with related species Calyptranthes anguerana, Eugenia altissima, E. caloneura, E. indistincta, E. mucugensis, E. rara, Myrcia alatiramea, M. hypophaea, M. petrophila, M. pseudovenulosa, M. ramiflora, M. trimera and M. unana. All species are presently known only from the state of Bahia, except Myrcia hypophaea, which extents northward until the state of Paraíba. Calyptranthes anguerana is related to C. concinna, differing through its monopodial and glabrous inflorescences; Eugenia altissima is apparently close to E. laruotteana, being distinguished by the larger flowers with ovaries glabrous inside; Eugenia caloneura is apparently related to E. leonorae, differing through its larger leaves and flowers buds with discrete calyx lobes; Eugenia indistincta is related to E.subavenia, differing by its pauciflorous inflorescences, smaller flowers and globose fruits; Eugenia mucugensis is related to E. sonderiana and E. luetzelburgii, being distinguished from the first by its wider blades, inflorescences with visible axes and longer pedicels, and from the second by its petiolate leaves and elliptic blades with midvein adaxially sulcate; Eugenia rara is apparently related to E. subterminalis, from which it is kept apart through its pilose flowers with calyx that tears irregularly at anthesis; Myrcia alatiramea is apparently related to M. anceps, being distinguished by its larger blades, pauciflorous inflorescences and flowers with calyx tube; Myrcia hypophaea is related to M. decorticans, but has subsessile leaves, abaxially darker blades and larger inflorescences; Myrcia petrophila is related to M. reticulosa, differing in its longer petioles, blades with rounded bases, pauciflorous inflorescences and pilose flowers; Myrcia pseudovenulosa is apparently related to M. venulosa, but has uniformly pilose flowers and bilocular ovaries; Myrcia ramiflora is apparently close to M. hirtiflora, differing through its larger blades and smaller, ramiflorous inflorescences; Myrcia trimera is related to Marlierea luschnathiana, but has larger and narrower blades, glabrous inflorescences, trimerous flower buds and flowers without petals, and Myrcia unana is close to M. maximiliana, but has narrower blades and larger calyx lobes. Additionally, conservation issues are briefly commented for each species.

Myrtaceae is an important family in the neotropics, being highlighted for its relevance in a wide range of vegetations, including those found within the Espinhaço Mountain Range (EMR). The main goal of the present work was to analyze Myrtaceae floristic composition and vegetation distribution in the municipality of Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Specimens were analyzed in herbaria, two field expeditions were carried out and a landcover classification was performed through remote sensing. The compiled dataset presented 438 records with valid taxonomical identification, from which 374 records were seen by the authors in herbaria. Nine genera and 66 species of Myrtaceae were found, representing the largest Myrtaceae diversity recorded in Chapada Diamantina so far. Four vegetation classes were detected in the landcover classification (campo rupestre, cerrado sensu lato, caatinga sensu lato, and evergreen forest), encompassing 12 phytophysiognomies validated in situ. Comparisons on species diversity within different classes of vegetation were made by overlapping the vegetation classification and Myrtaceae records, also highlighting a directional sampling effort, being the areas threatened by the agriculture expansion both subsampled and poorly known.

Although Eugenia and Plinia genera belong to different subtribes in Myrteae (Myrtaceae), shared morphological features have led to frequent mistaken identity to these species. Molecular phylogeny and morphological studies in Plinia show that Plinia martinellii and Plinia sebastianopolitana should be combined within the generic concept of Eugenia. In addition, two synonymizations under Plinia sebastianopolitana and one under Plinia martinellii are proposed. Commentary on these nnomenclatural adjustments, as well as on morphological and geographical data related to the evolution of these lineages is also provided.