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Based mainly on Serge Collet's work -in particular for the theoretical approach -and on his own field research, the author tries to contribute to a better understanding of the human-sea nexus within small-scale fishing communities still characterized by a specific social halieutical morphology. This article, produced in the framework of ECOST, challenges scientists -in particular those biologists and economists for whom the linkage between fishing communities and the sea is narrowly reduced to market relations. This error is maintained by the huge capacity of smallscale fishermen to profit from international markets in a context of globalization. The author tries to highlight the deep cultural endowment of a "marine culture" in the context of globalization, on the one hand, and the fact that marine resources are part of a broader marine entity whose wealth depends on the will of subnatural powers, on the other. Finally, the author explains how the combination of "cultural beliefs" with the lack of trust in scientific research has led to eco-fatalism, questioning at the same time the validity of certain marine resources conservation tools such as Marine Protected Areas.

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This paper explores the linkage between the expansion of commercial shark-fishing markets and the extension of migratory cycles of fishers in the West African Sub-region. The paper shows the societal deconstruction that occurred following the massive expansion of shark fishing over previous decades. It also points out that the approach of public decision makers and fisheries managers has contributed to the depletion of shark stocks, at the same time as contributing to a better appreciation of the current public fisheries policies' limitations. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the lack of efficiency during the emergence of this fishery in delivering a sound management framework to ensure long term sustainable exploitation of shark stocks. Sustainable exploitation through efficient management is yet to be achieved, in part due to the failure of current fisheries management models around the world, and despite the variety of legal instruments and management tools available. Finally, this contribution brings to the fore -a paradoxical realitythe fact that public policies for access regulation have led in many cases to the intensification of social conflicts for access to fishing grounds in West Africa.

Au cours des dernières années, les arrivées de pirogues chargées de jeunes migrants africains sur les plages des îles espagnoles des Canaries, au large de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, ont suscité maintes interrogations. On analysera ici le rôle joué par les communautés de pêcheurs artisans africains. Ces pêcheurs, très dynamiques et tenant une place importante dans l’économie ouest-africaine, ont acquis au cours de leur histoire des capacités qui les ont en quelque sorte préparés à fournir un appui efficace à la migration par voie maritime. On décrit aussi par quel enchaînement d’événements les filières migratoires en sont venues à faire appel à leurs services. Mais il apparaît aussi que les pêcheurs artisans ne sont pas les organisateurs de ce phénomène et ne fournissent pas non plus le gros des effectifs migrants.