Background:This study aims to assess the impact that physiotherapy (PT) has on the quality of life (QoL) of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PT on physical and mental aspects of patients’ QoL.Materials and Methods:The study population consisted of 50 patients who aged between 60 and 70 years and who had previously undergone CABG surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: a PT group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). The physical characteristics of the participants were recorded at the outset of the study. The patients who were allocated to the PT group completed 16 sessions of classic PT. QoL assessments of all participants were performed before and after the program in the form of a short form-36 health survey. An independent sample t-test and an ANCOVA were performed for the purpose of statistical analyses.Results:The QoL scores of the patients (mean age = 62.08 years) who underwent PT significantly improved after the intervention (P < 0.001). A significant difference between groups was observed (P < 0.001) in both the mental component summary and physical component summary variables.Conclusion:PT can help relieve pain, reduce depression, help patients more effectively perform the tasks of everyday living, and help ease the symptoms of other disabilities associated with cardiac surgery. In the current study, the implementation of a PT program improved the patient's mental health and increased their QoL.

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Background The present study determined the validity and reliability of the substance abuse prevention questionnaire based on the multi-theory model among the people of Yazd, central Iran. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical psychometric research was conducted on 391 Akramiyeh, Yazd residents using a systematic sampling method in 2021. First, a questionnaire was prepared based on the results of a qualitative study and the constructs of a multi-theory model, and its face validity was confirmed. Having collected the data, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined with SPSS using factor analysis, internal consistency, convergent validity, and Cronbach's α. Results The factor loading of all items was more than 0.5 and was in the desired range. The results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis based on parameter estimation showed that in all seven constructs of the questionnaire, the relevant items had a significant relationship with each latent variable (P < 0.001). All factor loadings were higher than 0.4 and Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated as 0.940 for the entire questionnaire. The highest factor loading (27%) was related to the construct of change in the social environment. Regarding substance abuse prevention behavior, the construct of participatory dialogue played a role by 9.58%, the constructs of emotional transformation by 7.98%, change in the physical environment by 5.95%, behavioral confidence by 3.3%, and practicing for change by 3.16%. Conclusion The substance abuse prevention questionnaire based on the multi-theory model has acceptable validity and reliability and can be effective in predicting factors and designing interventions aimed at preventing substance abuse among young people.

Background: Gasoline fuel vehicles cause emissions of airborne pollutants that are poisonous and have a deleterious effect on human health and the environment while natural gas fuels have less harmful effects on the environment and humans due to their greater environmental compatibility. The propose of this study is to investigate the concentration of CO, HC, O2 in the exhaust outlet of gas and diesel cars that is referred to the technical examination center and to compare the distribution of these gases based on the fuel type of the vehicle and the lambda coefficient. Methods: This study was conducted on 1000 vehicles tested in technical examination centers in Shiraz city. To do this, the distribution of air pollutants including CO, H, O2 exhaust from Pride, Peugeot 405 and Samand, which were obtained with two types of gas and gasoline combustion and the relationship between the distribution of these gases with the lambda coefficient and the gasoline and gas type in these three types of vehicles was analyzed by t-test with a significant level (p <0.05). Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between vehicle fuel type and CO, HC and O2 emissions from car exhaust (p <0.05) and in gas-fueled cars, it was less gasoline-burned. Also, by increasing the lambda coefficient, the oxygen content of the exhaust was increased while the contaminants, HC, CO decreased. Therefore, with the desired performance of the combustion chamber and the optimum consumption of oxygen in the combustion process, fewer pollutants are produced and introduced into the air. Conclusion: Also gas-fueled cars have higher lambda rates than gasoline cars and emit less pollution in the air.

Background: E-learning has been considered one of the outstanding applications of information and communication technologies during the past years. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the intention of academic individuals to use e-learning with an emphasis on the flow theory. Methods: This is a descriptive and applied piece of research. The study population included 112 e-learning students in the Virtual Faculty of the Isfahan University, Iran. A conceptual model was presented for the research. Liao's questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained 25 items about several factors, including challenge (4 indices), skill (4 indices), interaction (3 indices), intermediate variable (4 indices), three dependent variables of exploratory use (4 indices), intention to use (3 indices), and time distortion (2 indices). Each item was answered on the basis of a 5-point Likert scale, from completely disagree (with score 1) to completely agree (with score 5). Cronbach's alpha value of 0.87 confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. The descriptive data were analyzed and Pearson test and covariance analysis were conducted by the SPSS software programs version 23 and AMOS version 24.Results: The findings revealed that skill, challenge, and interactivity have a positive relationship with flow experience which, in turn, is positively related to the intention to use, exploratory use, and time distortion. Conclusions:The finding of this study is the serious and effective behavior of the users, which can be considered a variable of gaining flow experience in e-learning. It is an important aspect by which the users decide to reuse the system in an exploratory manner with no sense of track of time.