Herein, antimony sulfoselenide (Sb2(S, Se)3) thin‐film solar cells are fabricated by a hydrothermal method followed by a post‐deposition annealing process at different temperatures and the impact of the annealing temperature on the morphological, structural, optoelectronic, and defect properties of the hydrothermally grown Sb2(S, Se)3 films is investigated. It is found that a proper annealing temperature leads to high‐quality Sb2(S, Se)3 films with large crystal grains, high crystallinity, preferred crystal orientation, smooth and uniform morphology, and reduced defect density. These results show that suppressing deep‐level defects is crucial to enhance solar cell performance. After optimizing the annealing process, Sb2(S, Se)3 solar cells with an improved power conversion efficiency 2.04 to 8.48% are obtained.

Background: Hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular disease, is one of the major public health burdens worldwide. Family history is a known nonmodifiable risk factor for hypertension. This study aims to identify the family history of hypertension in terms of its prevalence and its association with various risk factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 hypertensive patients visiting the general outpatient department of Shree Birendra Hospital using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected using a preformed questionnaire through a face-to-face interview approach. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2019 v16.0 and were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Out of 423 hypertensive individuals, 131 (30.97%) had a family history of hypertension, with grandparents having the greatest frequency (56.49%). In the multivariable model, the participants with age 60 years or older [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.54, 95% CI: 1.60–4.02, P < 0.001], female (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.35–3.29, P = 0.001), and participants with government or private jobs, including farming (AOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.59–4.35, P <0.001), were significantly associated with a family history of hypertension. Conclusions: Family history is an influencing factor in hypertension. Thus, it is possible to target people who have a family history of hypertension to identify undiagnosed hypertension cases in the community, as well as to modify risk factors and provide necessary interventions.

Introduction: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding is a common medical emergency that is broadly classified into variceal and non-variceal bleeding. Preendoscopicemperical treatment is based on clinical findings and laboratory parameters. The article aimed to compare these parameters among variceal and non-variceal bleeding. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in a tertiary level referral hospital after taking approval from the Institutional review board. The data included was from September 2020 to August 2021. All patients with relevant data who underwent upper GI endoscopy were enrolled. The clinical and laboratory parameters were compared using appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 85 patients were studied with 40 (47.06%) in the variceal and 45 (52/94%) in the non-variceal group. Significantly more patients in the variceal bleeding group had a history of alcohol consumption (85% vs 60%) and smoking history (52.50 % vs 31.10%) compared to the non-variceal group. Jaundice, ascites, splenomegaly, low platelet count, and high INR all were predictors of variceal bleeding (p<0.005). In the variceal group, 39 (97.5%) needed endo therapy compared to only 4 (8.9%) in the non-variceal group. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory parameters differ significantly in the variceal and non-variceal groups which can guide the pre-endoscopic management of the patients.

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Its causes can be classified under variceal bleeding or non-variceal bleeding. Peptic ulcer and variceal bleeding are common causes. Thus, this study aims to find the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding among patients attending the Department of Emergency in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on patients admitted to the Department of Emergency a tertiary care centre from September 2020 to August 2021 among 3375 patients. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (Reference number: 328). Patients presenting with the clinical features of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the form of hematemesis or melena were enrolled after written informed consent. Data entry was done in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 20.0. for descriptive analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: Out of 3375 admissions in the Department of Emergency, 85 (2.52%) (1.99-3.05 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions: The prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is lower in comparison to other studies done in similar settings.