Induced mutagenesis is one of the most effective strategies for trait improvement without altering the well-optimized genetic background of the cultivars. In this review, several currently accessible methods such as physical, chemical and insertional mutagenesis have been discussed concerning their efficient exploration for the tomato crop improvement. Similarly, challenges for the adaptation of genome-editing, a newly developed technique providing an opportunity to induce precise mutation, have been addressed. Several efforts of genome-editing have been demonstrated in tomato and other crops, exploring its effectiveness and convenience for crop improvement. Descriptive data compiled here from such efforts will be helpful for the efficient exploration of technological advances. However, uncertainty about the regulation of genome-edited crops is still a significant concern, particularly when timely trait improvement in tomato cultivars is needed. In this regard, random approaches of induced mutagenesis are still promising if efficiently explored in breeding applications. Precise identification of casual mutation is a prerequisite for the molecular understanding of the trait development as well as its utilization for the breeding program. Recent advances in sequencing techniques provide an opportunity for the precise detection of mutagenesis-induced sequence variations at a large scale in the genome. Here, we reviewed several novel next-generation sequencing based mutation mapping approaches including Mutmap, MutChromeSeq, and whole-genome sequencing-based mapping which has enormous potential to accelerate the mutation breeding in tomato. The proper utilization of the existing well-characterized tomato mutant resources combined with novel mapping approaches would inevitably lead to rapid enhancement of tomato quality and yield. This article provides an overview of the principles and applications of mutagenesis approaches in tomato and discusses the current progress and challenges involved in tomato mutagenesis research.

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding endogenous RNA molecules of 18–24 nucleotides in length that control multiple gene regulatory pathways via posttranscriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes. To develop a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary history of miRNA biogenesis and action in land plants, new studies on bryophyte representatives are needed. Here, we review the current understanding of MIR gene structure, miRNA biogenesis, and function. In addition, we focus on representatives of two liverwort lineages: the simple thalloid Pellia endiviifolia and the complex thalloid Marchantia polymorpha. The purpose of this review is to bring readers up to date on what is known about conserved and non-conserved miRNAs, their targets, and the functional implications of miRNA action in Marchantia and Pellia. We also note that most Marchantia miRNAs are encoded within protein-coding genes and provide the data for 23 MIR gene structures recognized as independent transcriptional units. Furthermore, we identify Marchantia genes involved in miRNA biogenesis, that are homologous to those identified in higher plants. These genes include those that encode core microprocessor components as well as other auxiliary and regulatory proteins that influence the stability, folding, and processing of pri-miRNAs. We analyzed miRNA biogenesis proteins and found similar domain architecture in majority of the cases. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that almost all miRNA biogenesis factors known in higher plants are also present in liverworts, suggesting that they emerged early during land plant evolution.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh inovasi produk terhadap minat beli konsumen pada Restoran Ichi Bento Cabang Kota Banjar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekataan kuantitatif dengan jenis metode explanatory. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 97 responden. Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah korelasi product moment. Berdasarkan hasil responden mengenai variabel inovasi produk berada pada kategori cukup, hal ini berarti inovasi produk telah dilakukan walau tidak terlalu sering. Tanggapan responden mengenai variabel minat beli konsumen berada pada kategori cukup, artinya rensponden mengakui bahwa adanya ketertarikan untuk membeli produk yang ditawarkan restoran Ichi Bento. Pengaruh inovasi produk terhadap minat beli konsumen pada restoran Ichi Bento Cabang Banjar sebesar 25,7%. Hasil uji hipotesis menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan inovasi produk terhadap minat beli konsumen pada restoran Ichi Bento Cabang Banjar. Kami merekomendasikan restoran Ichi Bento agar meningkatkan kualitas, mutu, rasa, dan penyajian produk dengan desain yang unik sehingga dapat menarik perhatian konsumen.

Tiger (Panthera tigris), the biggest cat species and the top predator has fallen into endangered category. In the present study, we confirmed the subspecies of tiger with help of DNA based methods. The mitochondrial control region gene (D-loop) sequence was utilized for this purpose. DNA was extracted from tiger blood sample originally obtained from mini zoo of Rohtak, Haryana. The D-loop sequence was amplified and submitted to GenBank with accession number HM362438. Based on D-loop sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis Panthera tigris tigris (Indian tiger) was differentiated from other Panthera tigris subspecies (Panthera tigris amoyensis, Panthera tigris corbetti, Panthera tigris sumatrae and Panthera tigris altacia) from different parts of the world. The present report also describes an easier, quicker and non hazardous protocol for the isolation of genomic DNA from tiger blood. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science that has flourished from ages till date. It is the science that imparts all the knowledge of life. It defines health and aspects responsible for its maintenance and promotion. As we all know due to severe pollution, climate change, population rise and other socio-economic reasons our world is suffering a strong survival strain of all living being and nature. Maintaining the wholeness of nature and human health is a big objection in front of the world and it cannot be ignored either. Ayurveda indicate prevention and health promotion, and provides treatment for disease. Its main motive is to achieve desirable health and well-being through a comprehensive approach that addresses mind, body, behavior, and environment. It is the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community efforts. Ayurveda has the outstanding potential to reverse the worsening health status across the world and it would be the best option to promote public health.