Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) scholars have recently drawn on critical race theory (CRT) to critique and understand the propagation of Whiteness as a norm associated with native English speakers. However, the area of language studies, more broadly defined, has yet to develop the same link with CRT. To this end, this article proposes and introduces an emerging theoretical and analytical framework called LangCrit, or Critical Language and Race Theory. LangCrit puts the intersection of the subject-as-heard and the subject-as-seen at the forefront of interpretation and analysis. This article urges language studies scholars, both within the field of English language teaching and beyond, to continue to look for ways in which race, racism, and racialization intersect with issues of language, belonging, and identity.
In this paper, we discuss methodological and ethical issues related to researching with children in a way that respects and validates their voices. Drawing on vignettes from one of the author’s inquiries with young multilingual children, we share strategies we see as central to positioning children as knowledgeable and active agents in their own and our learning. We propose three main criteria for doing qualitative research with children: fostering respectful relationships; using creative methods; and listening attentively to children’s stories. We discuss what these criteria can contribute to early childhood education, both in formal and non-formal settings.
This paper calls for a broadening of the discussion of English language teaching (ELT) practices in Japan. We review issues associated with the global spread of English and link this discussion to the present “standard” English model of ELT in Japan. We propose three major benefits that would follow from an inclusion of non-“standard” (i.e., non American/British) Englishes in Japanese EFL classrooms. First, familiarity with different varieties could increase learners’ confidence when interacting with other non-native speakers (NNSs). Second, we review literature that shows that NNS-NNS interactions actually help learners improve their language skills. Finally, recognition of non-“standard” varieties of English would help Japanese learners challenge monolithic western-centric worldviews that marginalize regional, cultural, and linguistic norms and values. We connect this theory to practice by suggesting some possible changes to ELT in Japan.
本稿では、英語・米語に代表されるいわゆる標準英語の社会的文化的な影響について指摘し、日本英語教育において標準英語に対抗すべく多様な「非標準」英語の教育的可能性を探るものである。著者それぞれの研究を踏まえ、英米語に加え「非標準」英語を日本の英語教育現場で積極的に活用することで期待できる利点を三つ提唱する。第一に「非標準」英語に親しみを持つことにより、ノンネイティブ話者同士の対話に自信が持てるようになる。第二にノンネイティブ話者同士による対話活動は実際に第二言語習得に効果的である。第三に、「非標準」英語に触れることが、西洋的視点に偏りがちな日本人の世界観を省みる機会となり、多様な文化、言語に対する認識の向上が期待できる。以上の点を考察した上で、最後に英語教育現場における「非」標準英語の具体的な導入法ついて提案する。
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