The mechanism of CO 2 adsorption in the amine-functionalized metal−organic framework mmenMg 2 (dobpdc) (dobpdc 4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate; mmen = N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine) was characterized by quantum-chemical calculations. The material was calculated to demonstrate 2:2 amine:CO 2 stoichiometry with a higher capacity and weaker CO 2 binding energy than for the 2:1 stoichiometry observed in most amine-functionalized adsorbents. We explain this behavior in the form of a hydrogen-bonded complex involving two carbamic acid moieties resulting from the adsorption of CO 2 onto the secondary amines.T he predicted growth of the global economy and world population in the near future will lead to an increased demand for energy, 1 resulting in even further increases in the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere. The development and worldwide utilization of efficient carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies could reduce the CO 2 emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels. 2 Current carbon capture technologies generally use aqueous solutions of alkanolamines to scrub the flue gases. 3 Amines are known to be very selective toward CO 2 capture from flue gases because of the strong chemical bonds formed in the chemisorption process. To overcome the energy penalty associated with the process, an important new development based on solid materials functionalized with amines has been proposed. 4−10 These materials have much lower heat capacities than aqueous amine solutions. 11 Of particular interest are amines grafted onto the open metal sites of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs). Indeed, recent experiments have shown that in the case of one particular MOF, Mg 2 (dobpdc) (dobpdc 4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate), N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) can be bound to almost every open metal site lining the one-dimensional channels of the structure ( Figure 1). 4 The high adsorption enthalpy of mmen-Mg 2 (dobpdc) for CO 2 endows the adsorbent with a significant capacity for CO 2 down to very low pressures.The regeneration energy of the solid adsorbent is lower than that of aqueous amine solutions because of its large working capacity and low heat capacity. Understanding reactivity

The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a core endurance exercise protocol. Forty-five college-age rowers (age 21 +/- 1.0) were assigned to either a core training group [core group] (n = 25), which took part in a core endurance intervention exercise protocol, or to a control training group [control group] (n = 20), which was not given any specialized core training. Training took place 2 days per week for 8 weeks. Trunk endurance was assessed using flexion, extension, and side flexion tests, whereas a variety of functional performance measures were assessed (vertical jump, broad jump, shuttle run, 40-m sprint, overhead medicine ball throw, 2,000-m maximal rowing ergometer test). The results revealed significant improvement in the two side flexion tests for the core group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, significant differences were noted in the trunk extension test endurance times for the control group (p < 0.05), but not for the core group. No significant differences were found for any of the functional performance tests. In summary, the 8-week core endurance training program improved selected core endurance parameters in healthy young men, but the effectiveness of the core intervention on various functional performance aspects was not supported.

This study has shown that using active gaming media results in meaningful increases in energy expenditure and heart rate compared with the seated screen environment. Manipulating the gaming environment can provide children with appealing activity alternatives, and further development of "exertainment" interventions is warranted, in particular determination of sustainability.

BackgroundThis study was designed to investigate the relation between health-related physical fitness and weight status in Hong Kong adolescents.Methods3,204 students aged 12-18 years participated in the Hong Kong Student Obesity Surveillance (HKSOS) project in 2006-2007. Anthropometric measures (height, weight) and health-related fitness (push-up, sit-up, sit-and-reach, 9-minute run) were assessed. Body mass index (BMI) was computed to classify participants into normal weight, underweight (Grade I, II/III), overweight, and obese groups. The associations of health-related physical fitness with BMI and weight status were examined by partial correlation coefficients and analysis of covariance, respectively.ResultsMore boys than girls were overweight or obese (18.0% vs 8.7%), but more girls than boys were underweight (22.3% vs 16.7%). Boys performed significantly (P < 0.001) better in sit-up (38.8 vs 31.6 times/min) and 9-minute run (1632.1 vs 1353.2 m), but poorer in sit-and-reach (27.4 vs 32.2 cm) than girls. All four physical fitness tests were significantly positively correlated with each other in both sexes, and BMI was only weakly correlated with sit up and sit-and-reach tests in boys. Decreasing performance (P for trend < 0.05) was observed from normal weight to overweight and obese for push-up, sit-up, and 9-minute run in both sexes. From normal weight to Grade I and Grade II/III underweight, decreasing performance (P for trend < 0.05) for sit-up and sit-and-reach in both sexes and for push-up in boys was observed.ConclusionsThe relations between BMI and health-related physical fitness in adolescents were non-linear. Overweight/obese and underweight adolescents had poorer performance in push-up and sit-up tests than normal weight adolescents. Different aspects of health-related physical fitness may serve as immediate indicators of potential health risks for underweight and overweight adolescents.

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