Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de colonización por el enterococo resistente a vancomicina (ERV), el genotipo de resistencia y los factores asociados, se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal durante noviembre y diciembre del 2013 en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú. Se encontró una frecuencia de colonización por ERV de 6,2% (IC 95%: 1,67-10,73), todas las cepas aisladas tenían el genotipo de resistencia vanA, y se halló que las variables hospitalización previa (p=0,001) y el uso de cefalosporinas de tercera generación (p=0,016) estaban asociadas a la colonización por ERV. En conclusión, existe colonización perianal por ERV en los diversos servicios de hospitalización, el gen vanA podría ser transmitido a gérmenes más virulentos y ocasionar la aparición de la bacteria Staphylococcus aureus resistente a vancomicina (VRSA). Es necesario adoptar medidas de control de infecciones para evitar la transmisión de esta bacteria en el ambiente hospitalario. Palabras clave: Enterococcus, resistencia a la vancomicina, pacientes internos. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME) COLONIZATION BY ENTEROCOCCAL STRAINS RESISTANT TO VANCOMYCIN IN PATIENTS FROM A HOSPITAL IN LIMA, PERU ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December of 2013 at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital in Lima, Peru, to determine the rate of infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), the resistance genotype, and associated factors. The rate of infection with VRE was 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-10.73) and the resistance genotype isolated from all strains was the vanA gene. The factors associated with colonization with VRE were previous hospitalizations (p = 0.001) and the use of third-generation cephalosporins (p = 0.016). In conclusion, perianal colonization with VRE is present in many hospital services. Moreover, the vanA gene may cause resistance to vancomycin and promote the development of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, infection control measures should be adopted to prevent the dissemination of this bacterial strain in hospital settings. Key words: Enterococcus, vancomycin resistance, inpatient. (Source: MeSH NLM). INTRODUCCIÓNDesde su emergencia en los Estados Unidos, las infecciones causadas por la bacteria enterococo resistente a vancomicina (ERV) han generado gran preocupación en la comunidad médica (1) . La resistencia intrínseca de la bacteria a los aminoglucósidos, y la adquirida a los glicopéptidos, limitan las opciones terapéuticas de las infecciones causadas por esta bacteria. Asimismo, sus múltiples vías de transmisión dentro de los ambientes hospitalarios, su capacidad de colonizar la región perianal hasta por un año y su potencialidad de transmitir el gen de resistencia a la vancomicina a otras especies más virulentas como el Staphylococcus aureus, hacen que el ERV sea por estos días un problema de salud pública (1,2) . Asimismo, estudios desarrollados durante la última década han demostrado que el control de la colonización por el ERV sigue sien...
In the modern era, renal and liver transplant candidates present with a greater medical complexity driven in part by a higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. In fact, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death after kidney transplantation worldwide. Similarly, an increase in the number of patients being listed with end-stage liver disease from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and a rising model for end-stage liver disease scores at the time of liver transplant in the United States parallel an increasing cardiovascular disease risk profile for liver transplant candidates. A large degree of variation exists among clinical practice guidelines and transplant center practice patterns regarding patient selection for routine cardiac testing and the choice of testing modalities. Here, we review the clinical practice guidelines established at our center by a multidisciplinary group, including transplant nephrology, hepatology, and surgery, as well as general and interventional cardiology, with the goal of improving patient selection and reducing adverse cardiac events posttransplant.
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