The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature regarding calcium and Vitamin D deficiencies in vegan diets and the possible relationship to low bone mineral density and incidence for fracture. Prominent databases were searched for original research publications providing data capable of answering these questions: (i) Do vegans have lower-than-recommended levels of calcium/Vitamin D? (ii) Do vegans have lower bone mineral density than their non-vegan counterparts? (iii) Are vegans at a greater risk for fractures than non-vegans? The findings gathered consistently support the hypothesis that vegans do have lower bone mineral density than their non-vegan counterparts. However, the evidence regarding calcium, Vitamin D and fracture incidence is inconclusive. More research is needed to definitively answer these questions and to address the effects of such deficiencies on the medical and socioeconomic aspects of life.

No abstract

No abstract

Presently, healthcare providers have little scientific evidence on which to base recommendations about use of herbal supplements with chemotherapy. Lack of product standardization and definitive knowledge about herb interaction with chemotherapy may expose patients with cancer to potentially serious side effects. Patients continue to use herbal supplements with their cancer treatments, often without informing their healthcare providers. Research currently is ongoing to study the effects of the concomitant administration of herbal supplements and chemotherapy.