BACKGROUND: Free radical is unstable and highly reactive, which may lead to oxidative stress that causes various diseases, that is, diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant can prevent oxidation process by scavenging free radicals. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a native tropical fruit that can easily be found in Indonesia. When the flesh is commonly eaten, the unused parts – such as the leaves, fruit peels, and pulps will be considered waste to be thrown away. However, these unused parts of Jackfruit are rich in antioxidant compounds that potentially can work as therapeutic agents. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves, peels, and pulps of A. heterophyllus by calculating their antioxidant activity index (AAI) with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Cupric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method; total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC); observing the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC; as well as the correlation between AAI DPPH and CUPRAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extraction process was carried out using reflux method using three different polarity solvents. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the TPC, TFC, AAI DPPH, and AAI CUPRAC. Pearson’s method was used to observe the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC, as well as the correlation between both methods. RESULTS: The AAI in DPPH method were varied from 0.0310 to 36.8852, while CUPRAC from 0.1156 to 1.2503. Ethanol leaves extract gave the highest TPC value (5.53 g GAE/100 g) and n-hexane peels extract exposed the highest TFC value (16.07 g QE/100 g). The correlation between TPC and AAI of leaves, peels, and pulps extracts with DPPH method, as well as between TFC and AAI CUPRAC of peels extracts was positive and significant. Rutin was determined as the marker compound, valuing at 0.0106%. CONCLUSION: Phenols and flavonoids (including rutin) content contributed to DPPH and CUPRAC antioxidant activity. The antioxidant property between both methods was not linear in leaves, peels, and pulps extracts. Unused parts (peels and leaves) of A. heterophyllus might be potential to be developed as natural antioxidant sources.

Essential oils are liquids from the extraction process of plants or parts of aromatic plants which generally contain volatile terpenoids. This oil is characterized by distinctive odor from each plant that causes by differences in its constituent compounds. Essential oils have many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial etc. The development of many nano formulations has been developed, including essential oils. Nanoemulsion, nanogel, and nanoemulgel are forms of nano formulations that are applied in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations containing essential oils. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the results of the latest research on essential oil formulations using nanotechnology that have been widely developed and their effect on pharmacological activity. The articles used in this review were published from 2013-2023 which are indexed by Scopus. The formulation of essential oil preparations in nano form enhances the pharmacological effects of essential oils including increasing the effects of antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, antiviral and reducing toxicity which can be useful as a reference for nano preparation formulations for essential oils.

BACKGROUND: Many vegetables and fruits have been shown to be sources of antioxidant such as lemons, apples, cabbage, mangoes, beets, and guavas   AIM: This research aimed to determine antioxidant activity of Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) pulp and leaves extracts using DPPH and CUPRAC methods, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), correlation of TPC and TFC on antioxidant activity, correlation between the two methods, identification of marker, and total marker content.   METHODS: Antioxidant activity was examined by determining IC50 and AAI of DPPH and EC50 and AAI of CUPRAC. TFC and TPC was measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Correlation of TPC and TFC on antioxidant activity was analysed by Pearson’s method.   RESULTS: AAI of DPPH of cucumber pulp and leaves extracts in the range of 0.22 - 2.18, whereas AAI of CUPRAC 0.07 - 0.95. All extracts showed antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate cucumber pulp extract had highest antioxidant by DPPH assay, whereas n-hexane cucumber leaves extract had highest antioxidant activity by CUPRAC assay. Ethyl acetate cucumber leaves extract had highest TFC value (21.47 g QE/100 g) and TPC value (2.34 g GAE/100 g). Flavonoids in cucumber pulp extract contributed to antioxidant activity of CUPRAC method and phenolic compounds in cucumber pulp extract gave a contribution to antioxidant activity of DPPH method. Quercetin content as marker in ethanol cucumber pulp extract was 0.00114%. AAI CUPRAC and DPPH of cucumber leaves extract showed positive correlation but not significant.   CONCLUSION: Antioxidant activity between CUPRAC and DPPH methods on cucumber extracts were not linear.

Based on a brief survey conducted by the author to 40 lecturers at FIKES UNSIKA (Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang) on September 5, 2022, it was found that the number of lecturers who had never written scientific publications indexed by Scopus and WoS was 17 lecturers (43.6%). And in an effort to reduce these problems, it is necessary to socialize and educate about research publications in international journals in the form of workshop activities. Evaluation of participants in scientific writing workshop activities for internationally reputable journals was carried out using pre-test and post-test methods. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, it is known that the participants' knowledge has increased overall. And overall the evaluation of the workshop participants' assessment related to the evaluation of organizing activities is good and very good. The participants' suggestions for organizing workshop activities in the future so that they can be scheduled regularly, continuously, and continuously and it is hoped that in the future they will hold a journal article clinic with one on one coaching until submitting the manuscript. Keywords: Workshop, Publication, International Journal, Lecturer, Knowledge