The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that nowadays in Russia in the context of continuous changes in all spheres of social life, the problems of reforming and modernizing government institutions, including the state penitentiary system, are raised. Studying the history of the prison system formation is of great importance for understanding the regularities of the functioning of the penitentiary system in the present, since, based on the experience of organizing and managing in places of deprivation of liberty of a particular historical period, it is possible to identify its role and influence on the penitentiary system of Russia as a whole. The interdisciplinary approach to the problem, based on the methods used in the historical, political, social, and economic studies, is of particular importance for scientific novelty. In this regard, the interdisciplinary character brings novelty to historical study. For the first time, previously unpublished sources and data are introduced into scientific circulation. The set problems are also particularly relevant in terms of educational and correctional work with prisoners. When applying the world-system analysis and civilizational approach, the subject of the work is presented as the evolution of the totality of all spheres of social development. In our understanding, the historicity of human nature separated from politics, economics, psychology, education, culture of society is impossible. This correlates with the developments of Fernand Braudel and the legacy of the School of the Annals. The civilizational approach made it possible to see the social and non-social components that influence the type of spiritual values and the historical stages of cultural-historical types related to the theory of N. Y. Danilevsky, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee. When analyzing the legal framework and historiographical review, methods such as the method of chronological sequence, historical-systematic, and descriptive were used. This article analyzes the formation and development of the penitentiary system during the postreform period of Russian history from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XX century. Special attention is paid to the study of educational and correctional work with prisoners in places of deprivation of liberty. At the end of the research, important conclusions are drawn. First, the research is extremely relevant and needs further deepening and study of unpublished sources with their introduction into scientific circulation. Secondly, the government of the Russian Empire pursued a systematic policy of developing and strengthening the legal framework to prevent antisocial behavior among prisoners. Thirdly, the legislative base of the Russian Empire was not only declarative towards imprisonment, but also took into account prisoners’ rights to spiritual and moral correction. The government introduced a system of guardianship over prisoners, special prison guardianship, which is so necessary in our time.

Erasmus+ is a program of the European Union in the field of education, the main purpose of which is to improve the quality of education and the development of mobility. At the same time, cultural exchange takes place among all participants between students and teachers and friendly relations arise. The program also creates the basis for international cooperation for university teachers in various countries. Department of Radiology of I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA) had the opportunity to establish first relations abroad. From December 10 to December 17, 2018, a series of lectures were given at Universitat de Girona on the course "Biomedical Engineering" at the Superior Polytechnical School in the duration of 10 academic hours. Including duration of four academic hours were given lecture and practice class for students of Facultat de Medicina of same university on the theme of "Pulmonary tuberculosis". Universitat de Girona is the state system of higher education in Catalonia. The education system is transformed in accordance with the pan-European model (bachelor-master-doctor). MAIA scholarship holders are citizens of countries from all over the world (

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On January 28, 2022, the first International Radiology Contest for Foreign Students of Medical Schools in Kyrgyzstan was held. Long-awaited event, which took two years to establish due to pandemic, was finally organized and hosted by Radiology Department of I.K. Akhunbaev's Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA).