In the world, scientific work is being carried out in a number of priority directions on maintaining, restoring, and increasing soil fertility, as well as returning plant residues to the soil, minimal processing, and the preparation and use of organic fertilizers from household waste. In this regard, special attention is paid to studies aimed at optimizing the agrophysical, agrochemical and other properties of soils based on the soil-climatic conditions of the regions, developing agro-measures based on the soil-climatic conditions of each region, restoring, maintaining and increasing soil fertility. Effective use of land, water and other natural resources, providing the population with ecologically clean and high-quality products, maintaining and increasing soil fertility, and using high-performance modern resource-saving technologies in the care of agricultural crops are the main tasks in Uzbekistan today. In the article, the general physical properties of irrigated gray soils distributed in Piskent district of Tashkent region, the general physical properties of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the environment of humus, poultry manure, the positive effect of their use on the development of cotton crops and the amount of yield were determined.

Worldwide, approximately 3 million hectares of land degraded due to erosion, and every minute approximately 44 hectares of agricultural land are being lost. In fact, agricultural area situated in arid zone is vulnerable to erosion, which leads to decline in agricultural productivity due to low quality soil. Evidently, the vital activity of microorganisms is interlinked with the assimilation of minerals by plants in irrigated lands, that is, the production of high and quality crops. Therefore, this research was intended to see effect of humate substance on biological activity and physical properties of eroded soils, that is, investigate how humate substance impact on overall structure of soils in the Pskent district of Tashkent province. The results extracted from field and laboratory experiments showed that poultry manure in moderately eroded soils and humus and poultry manure variants in washed-out soils ranged from 2.2x107 KHB/g to 7.5-3.0x106 KHB/g. Oligonitrophilic microorganisms were found to be the same in all variants. Micromycetes were observed in humus variants with an average erosion of 2.2x104 KHB/g, and in washed-out soils of 7.5x103 KHB/g. The amount of actinomycetes in samples 3 and 4 was 7.5x103 KHB/g per 1 gram of soil, while in samples 1, 2, 5 and 6 they were not found at all. This means that the amount of actinomycetes was slightly reduced in summer, but the relative changes between the options were 1.1-8.3x108 KHB/g in washed-out soils with moderate erosion in less washed soils, and 7.5-8.3x107 KHB/g in moderately washed and washed soils. Furthermore, influence of humic biofertilizers, organic fertilizers on general physical properties of eroded typical gray soils was also studied. Accordingly, the effect of fertilizers in the control variant was 1.30g/cm3, followed by the variant with the use of mineral fertilizers humate 1.27g/cm3, and the application of poultry manure 1.29g/cm3. In moderately eroded soils, the values were found to be 1.40 g/cm3, 1.35 g/cm3, 1.33 g/cm3, respectively, and 1.25 g/cm3, 1.31 g/cm3, 1.29 g/cm3 in washed out soils.

Irrigated fields are important assets for agricultural development since they supply vital food and fiber to people all over the world. These areas are, however, also susceptible to erosion, which can result in the deterioration of the soil and a loss in production. It is crucial to identify and evaluate the erosion risk in irrigated areas in order to maintain sustainable agriculture and guarantee the resources' long-term availability. The objective of this study is to create a thorough system for recognizing and evaluating the erosion risk in irrigated areas. The methodology will take into account a number of variables, including climate, topography, soil properties, land management techniques, and other pertinent variables that affect the risk of erosion. To identify and assess the erosion hazard of irrigated lands of the farm named after. S. Rakhimov of the Chinaz district of the Tashkent province, Uzbekistan, we laid 4 key sites, depending on the steepness, length, slope exposure and sown crops, and mapped the soils at a scale of 1:1000. At each site, profiles were laid that sequentially cut all the elements of the slope, from the top to the plume, and all soil varieties found on this slope. In the alignment of the profiles, on all elements of the relief, 25 reference sections were laid, characterizing all soil varieties in this area. To identify the boundaries of the contours of individual soil varieties, a series of hollows and pits were laid. Soil morphology was studied on the reference sections, and soil samples were taken according to genetic horizons for subsequent analysis.