الاقتراض اللغوي ظاهرة مهمة في حياة اللغة، فليس ثمة لغة حية إلا وتأخذ من غيرها ألفاظا في مجالات مختلفة وتعطي أخرى. والمحصول بالضرورة أن هذه الظاهرة لا تبرز في لغة إلا ويلاحظ فيها آثارها من حيث التغيرات التي تطرأ على تلك الألفاظ المقترضة، ولا غرابة في ذلك لأن لكل لغة نظامها الخاص، وهي دائما تتبع هذا النظام في جميع المستويات اللغوية؛ وتأثر ذلك في الألفاظ المقترضة من لغات أخرى، ولغة باتَوْنُمْ بوصفها إحدى أقلية اللغات في غرب أفريقيا الدارجة بين شعب بَاتَوْنُ الذين يعيشون على حدود نيجيريا وبِنِين لا تستثني من هذه الظاهرة. وقد بلغت هذه التغيرات إلى حد يصعب للشعب المتلقي المعرفة أن هذه الكلمات عربية في الأصل وللعربي أنها من لغته. وتهدف لذلك هذه المقالة إلى دراسة التغيرات المورفولوجية التي تلحق بالألفاظ العربية المقترضة في هذه اللغة بغية تسليط الضوء على هذه التغيرات. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تستعين المقالة بالمنهج الوصفي لتحليل البيانات المثبتة خلال الدراسة. وأخيرا توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود لواحق مختلفة تلحق بالألفاظ العربية في اللغة المتلقية لتتناسب مع نظامها اللغوي، كما توصلت إلى أن كثيرا من الألفاظ العربية المقترضة في بَاتَوْنُـمْ تخضع للتغير المورفولوجي.
The way in which people interact and address one another is crucial to expressing their social relationship; it encodes the relationship between interlocutors and reflects cultural values. Proper use of words in addressing a fellow or people strengthens peaceful coexistence among individuals and groups within and outside a given cultural setting. On the contrary, the unguarded use of words has been the primary cause of conflicts and disharmony around the world. The Holy Qur'an, as a divine revelation and guide from the Almighty, advocates good social relationships through speech and encourages respect for individual differences through words. At the same time, it warns against aggressive and unhealthy language. This present study examines the principles of communication and interaction contained in Surah Al-Hujraat (Qur’an, chapter 49) as a tool for a peaceful and harmonious relationship among individuals and groups. The study adopts the qualitative content analysis approach to analyze the chapter's extracted verses. The findings of the study reveal that the chapter provides some rudimental principles of interaction that promote the language of respect, and peaceful communication among individuals and groups in the society that enhance interpersonal relationships, regardless of race, color, rank, or tribe.Cara orang berinteraksi dan menyapa satu sama lain sangat penting untuk mengekspresikan hubungan sosial mereka; itu mengkodekan hubungan antara lawan bicara dan mencerminkan nilai-nilai budaya. Penggunaan kata-kata yang tepat dalam menyapa sesama atau orang lain memperkuat koeksistensi damai di antara individu dan kelompok di dalam dan di luar lingkungan budaya tertentu. Sebaliknya, penggunaan kata-kata yang tidak dijaga telah menjadi penyebab utama konflik dan ketidakharmonisan di seluruh dunia. Al-Qur'an Suci, sebagai wahyu ilahi dan panduan dari Yang Mahakuasa, menganjurkan hubungan sosial yang baik melalui ucapan dan mendorong penghormatan terhadap perbedaan individu melalui kata-kata. Pada saat yang sama, ia memperingatkan terhadap bahasa yang agresif dan tidak sehat. Kajian ini mendalami prinsip-prinsip komunikasi dan interaksi yang terkandung dalam Surah Al-Hujraat (Al-Qur'an, bab 49) sebagai alat untuk hubungan yang damai dan harmonis antara individu dan kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi kualitatif untuk menganalisis ayat-ayat yang disarikan dari bab tersebut. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa surah ini memberikan beberapa prinsip dasar interaksi yang mempromosikan bahasa hormat, dan komunikasi damai antara individu dan kelompok dalam masyarakat yang meningkatkan hubungan interpersonal, terlepas dari ras, warna kulit, pangkat, atau suku.
Translating the Noble Qur’an into other languages requires a lot of effort by translators, and one major semantic phenomenon that requires even greater effort to translate is polysemy, due to the multiple meanings involved. Different translators render Qur’anic polysemy differently in an attempt to capture the specific meaning of the polysemous term. A few researches on translating Qur’anic polysemy have been conducted on selected polysemous words about some well-known translations like those of Yusuf Ali, Muhsin Khan & Hilali, J. Arberry, and Emily Assami, Marry Kennedy & Amatullah Bantley etc. This study focuses on the translation of a Qur’anic polysemy of the word “rijs” in four translations of the 21st century. The aim is to examine the selected translations and compare them to determine how each of them succeeds in capturing the specific meaning of the source text, or to what extent each translation attempts to avoid meaning loss in translating the investigated. The comparison is based on the interpretations of three famous commentators; Al-Qurtubi (2006), Ibn Kathir (1997) and At-Tabari (2001). The study applies the Qualitative Comparative Analysis approach in analyzing the four translations. The findings of the study reveal that translating Qur’anic polysemy is a difficult task and that all the selected translators are aware of that fact. It also reveals that in some instances, the translations succeed in conforming to the target meaning of either of the selected interpretations and that in most cases where specific meaning is not determined, the translations resort to the primary meaning of the lexeme under study.
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