Return migration, traditionally not a well-studied and often neglected area, is becoming an important component of the international migration debate. Reintegration is an essential part of return migration and identified as a complex process that is experienced differently by returnees. The adaptation of immigrants in the host country has been extensively studied, while much less attention has been paid to economic and socio-cultural reintegration and the difficulties return migrants face once they come back to their homeland. Especially children and youth born in destination countries with sociolinguistic and socialization difficulties face a particularly tough reintegration process. Theoretically, there is comprehensive literature focused on return migration and reasons for return, but less in return migration policies and reintegration process. Empirically, there is a lack of studies focused on the reintegration of returnees, particularly in the socio-cultural aspect. With increased attention to the importance of this process, many states and governments have established policies or programs to encourage the return of their citizens, and facilitate returnees’ successful and permanent relocation in the new society of the origin country. This paper aims to analyze theoretically and empirically the processes of reintegration of returnees in the origin country by identifying the challenges they encounter in the economic and social-cultural life of the origin country.

Nowadays internal migration is a well-known phenomenon not only for the impact the migrants have on the new community but also for the difficulties internal migrants face to adapt to their new location. The migratory movement does not only mean a physical movement to the city but a change in the way of living resulting in a value system change which is not immediate. Migration is a process where the opportunities and results are different for men and women; that is why we ask the following question: how does the internal migration affect the life and the social status of women? The focus of this article is the perception of migrants on the social status of the migrant women and the influence of their employment on that perception. Albania is developing dynamically as expressed in the social roles of women, gender aspects and in other areas. Gender relations are a focus of strategies which aim to establish gender equality in public life, equal position between men and women, and equal opportunities in all areas of social life. A challenge of Albanian society is women's status in it because of the already evident and sometimes legitimized inferior position they hold. The mentality and labor gender division affect the social roles of migrant women. This article seeks to understand the social status of migrant women and the impact of the internal migration on such status by analyzing different variables such as employment, education, social expectation, social roles etc.

Migration has reciprocal economic implications between the origin and host countries. While scholars draw attention to the globalization of migration, since the 1960s there is a perpetual debate about the migration and development nexus. The role of international migrants and their financial remittances are identified as having a highly positive effect on the home country's development.