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The aim of the study was to determine the role of adiponectin, leptin and resistin in various types of dementia and to investigate their association with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. In 205 patients with dementia [89 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 47 with vascular dementia (VaD), 69 with mixed dementia (MD)], 113 persons with mild cognitive impairment and in 107 controls serum adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels, pro-inflammatory [interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and chitotriosidase] and anti-inflammatory (25-OH vitamin D, HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase 1) markers, as well as glucose metabolism parameters (glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR) were determined. In all-cause dementia adiponectin and resistin levels were significantly higher as compared to the controls; leptin levels did not show differences. Higher adiponectin levels concerned AD and MD, whereas higher resistin-VaD and MD. After stratification by abdominal obesity the differences in adiponectin levels remained significant in subjects without obesity. In all-cause dementia negative correlation of adiponectin with obesity, glucose metabolism parameters, IL-6 and hsCRP and positive correlation with HDL-cholesterol were found. Positive correlation of resistin with age, IL-6, hsCRP and chitotriosidase and negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase 1 were stated. We conclude that dementia of neurodegenerative origin is characterized by elevated adiponectin levels, whereas dementia with vascular changes by increase of resistin. Association with inflammatory indicators may suggest the pro-inflammatory role of resistin in the development of dementia, especially in dementia of vascular mechanism. Identification of this novel biomarker may be important in preventing dementia.

A protocol for the identification of N-homocysteinylation sites in plasma proteins is described. Human plasma or purified fibrinogen is subjected to trypsin digestion and analysis of N-Hcy-peptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). Human fibrinogen is isolated from the plasma by the glycine precipitation method. Identification of N-Hcy-Lys-peptides in tryptic digests of in vivo-derived samples is facilitated by the use of N-Hcy-albumin and N-Hcy-fibrinogen synthesized in vitro from commercially available human proteins. This protocol allows identification of N-homocysteinylation sites at Lys4, Lys12, Lys137, and Lys525 in albumin directly in trypsin-digested human serum samples. N-Hcy-Lys562, N-Hcy-Lys344, and N-Hcy-Lys385 were identified in human fibrinogen from patients with cystathionine β-synthase deficiency. The protocol can be completed in 4 days.

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Folia Neuropathologica 2013; 51/2 111 Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene -108C>T and p.Q192R polymorphisms and arylesterase activity of the enzyme in patients with dementia M Ma ał łg go or rz za at ta a E Ew wa a B Be ed dn na ar rs sk ka a--M Ma ak ka ar ru uk k 1 1 , , T To om ma as sz z K Kr rz zy yw wk ko ow ws sk ki i