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BackgroundIbuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been shown to be as effective as indomethacin in small randomized controlled trials, with possibly fewer adverse effects. However, adverse renal effects of ibuprofen have been noted in some trials and suspected in our practice.The purpose of this study was to examine whether ibuprofen and indomethacin treatment of PDA have comparable effects on renal function as evidenced by urine output and serum creatinine.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 350 patients. Serum creatinine and urine output were recorded prior to start of treatment, during each course and after the last course of treatment. Pre-treatment mean creatinine and urine output values were compared to treatment and post treatment means using 2-factor repeated measures ANOVA.Results165 patients were treated with indomethacin (2005-2006) and 185 received ibuprofen (2007-2008). There was no difference between treatment groups in demographics or baseline renal function. For both groups, the number of treatment courses was inversely correlated with birth weight and gestational age. Analysis of the first course including all patients, revealed significant increase in creatinine and decrease in urine output with both drugs, with a more pronounced effect of indomethacin on creatinine. In the subgroup of 219 patients who received only one treatment course, there was a significant increase in creatinine after indomethacin, but not after ibuprofen. In the 131 who received 2 or more courses, the decrease in urine output and increase in creatinine were not different between drugs. There were significant decreases in urine output observed in the second and third courses of ibuprofen treatment (both by 0.9 mL/kg/hr).ConclusionBoth drugs have a similar short-term effect on renal function. Indomethacin had a more prominent initial effect, while ibuprofen decreased renal function during the second and third courses similarly to indomethacin. The changes in renal function seen with ibuprofen treatment should be considered in fluid and electrolyte management, especially if treatment beyond one course is required.

Mitchell-Riley syndrome/Martinez-Frias syndrome (MRS/MFS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder with multisystem involvement and poor prognosis. Most reported cases have been associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the RFX6 gene, a transcriptional regulatory factor for pancreatic morphogenesis. Given the limited number of reported cases, the syndrome may be under-recognized. When the particular phenotype of MFS includes a mutation on the RFX6 gene and neonatal diabetes, it has been called Mitchell-Riley syndrome. Because of this, we propose that MFS/MRS is a symptom continuum or an RFX6 malformation complex. We report an infant with all of the key clinical features of MRS/MFS without a definable mutation in RFX6 gene, supporting the consideration of these features as a symptom complex, and raising the question of genetic heterogeneity.

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