Antiradical potential (ARP) is an important measure of food safety. In addition, it directly or indirectly affects the rate of occurrence of a number of human pathologies. Using a photocolorimetric analysis of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) solutions, we estimated the antiradical potential of food raw materials, food concentrates, biologically active substances, and wild plants. We conducted approximately 1500 analyses of almost 100 food products selected from 11 food groups: vegetables, milk, meat, fish, cereals and bread, drinks (including tea and coffee), etc. With a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, the average values for animal products range from 15.87 to 18.70 ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter. For plant materials, the range is 474.54–501.50 equivalents when wild herbs are included and 385.02–408.83 equivalents without taking herbs into account. The antiradical potential of the biologically active substances we studied ranged from 706.84 to 847.77 equivalents per gram of dry matter, which makes it possible to use some of the components to repair products with low ARP values, for example, bread and baked goods, confectionery, milk and dairy products, carbonated drinks, and juice. In this study, a low ARP value is associated with a reduction in the shelf life of products and a deterioration in their organoleptic properties; therefore, we propose using ARP as an important reference for describing the quality of food products and raw food materials.
Renewed technology has created a demand for foods which are natural in taste, minimally processed, and safe for consumption. Although thermal processing, such as pasteurization and sterilization, effectively limits pathogenic bacteria, it alters the aroma, flavor, and structural properties of milk and milk products. Nonthermal technologies have been used as an alternative to traditional thermal processing technology and have the ability to provide safe and healthy dairy products without affecting their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties. Other than nonthermal technologies, infrared spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique and may also be used for predicting the shelf life and microbial loads in milk. This review explains the role of pascalization or nonthermal techniques such as high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV), cold plasma treatment, membrane filtration, micro fluidization, and infrared spectroscopy in milk processing and preservation.
Understanding the relation between spatial heterogeneity and structural rejuvenation is one of the hottest topics in the field of metallic glasses (MGs). In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was implemented to discover the effects of initial spatial heterogeneity on the level of rejuvenation in the Ni80P20 MGs. For this purpose, the samples were prepared with cooling rates of 1010-1012 K/s to make glassy alloys with different atomic configurations. Firstly, it was found that the increase in the cooling rate leads to the widening of Gaussian-type shear modulus distribution, indicating the aggregation in both elastically soft and hard regions. After the primary evaluations, the elastostatic loading was also applied to induce structural rejuvenation into the atomic configurations. The results indicated that the sample with intermediate structural heterogeneity, i.e. prepared with 1011 K/s, exhibited the maximum structural rejuvenation. This event is due to the fact that the atomic configuration in an intermediate structure contains more potential sites for generating the maximum atomic rearrangement and loosely packed regions under an external excitation. The features of atomic rearrangement and structural changes under the rejuvenation process are discussed in details.
In this work, surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was employed to rejuvenate ZrCuAlNi bulk metallic glass (BMG) plate. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation analyses were carried out to evaluate stored energy and micro-mechanical properties of treated BMGs. According to DSC results, 10 min SMAT process increased the stored energy of BMG plates up to 50%. AFM analysis showed that the structural rejuvenation occurred in the bulk of samples and just a slight rejuvenation gradient was detected from the front to the back side of BMG plates. Nanoindentation analysis indicated that the structural rejuvenation is consistent with anelastic strain induced under the SMAT process. It was also found that an optimum treatment time is needed for maximum rejuvenation in the BMGs. This event is due to the fact that the glassy structure is able to store a critical anelastic strain, which leads to a saturated condition in rejuvenation.
Improving the quality of the services provided by updating the laboratory base is considered as one of the most important ways to increase competitiveness, achieve competitive advantages, which, in turn, helps to increase the economic efficiency of the testing laboratory center. The introduction of new equipment at the TLC will contribute to an increase in the possible number of studies being carried out, a decrease in random errors, and the achievement of the best indicators of internal laboratory control. The introduction of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system will significantly reduce the time for preparing a sample for analysis by reducing the decomposition time of the sample by 19.5 times. Upgrading the equipment used from Kvant-AFA to Kvant-2AT with the simultaneous introduction of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system will not only improve the used measuring instrument, but also the entire sample preparation system as a whole.
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