Abstract. Soil stabilization by adding materials such as cement, lime and bitumen is one of the effective methods for improving the geotechnical properties of soils [11] Nano-particle is one of the newest additives and many studies about using nano-particle in soil improvement has been done but it was given less attention when soft clay soils stabilization is concerned. To evaluate the strength characteristics of stabilized Batu Pahat soft clay, laboratory investigation on early strength gained by the stabilized soil must be conducted to formulate a suitable and economical mix design [10]. To achieve such purpose, the study examined the effect of NanoClay on the California Bearing Ratio and the Permeability of soft clay. The results gained shows that the Nano-Clay is able to increase the strength of the soft clay [9]. The California Bearing Ratio of the soil is increase significantly where the results for the highest percentage of admixture is 14.4% while the permeability of the soil decreases significantly with increasing Nano-Clay whereby the results of the highest percentage of admixture is 2.0187x10 -11 m/s. After doing this research, it is proven that Nano-clay can contribute towards better soil stabilization and enhance the quality of soil as subgrade and foundation at large.

The fact that Jatropha curcas oil cannot be used for nutritional purposes without detoxification makes its useful as energy or fuel source, which will improve the domestic economy and provide job opportunities particularly in rural areas, where mechanical pressing is currently the most extensively used process to extract oil from seed. In this context, the main goal of this study is to provide a summary of several studies dealing with the currently employed oil extraction technologies, the physicochemical properties of bio-oils obtained from J. curcas, and the potential uses of Jatropha oil. The aim is to shed light on the main differences among the four types of oil extraction techniques currently employed and to highlight their most appropriate applications. If tapped efficaciously, then these techniques could prove to be extremely helpful in these days of power and environmental crises.

Aging in the field is significantly influenced by the initial voids in the asphalt mixture, the intensification of the asphalt mixture under traffic, and the amount of heat applied to the mixture during production. Hence, this research is used to evaluate the effect of long-term aging on the behavior of soft clay-modified asphalt mixture. This study aims to evaluate the usage of soft clay powder, as a newly introduced material in asphalt mixture. Indirect tensile strength, indirect resilient modulus, and dynamic creep tests were conducted to determine and evaluate the performance of samples mixed using the Superpave system. The results obtained were perceived to be successful. As for the indirect tensile strength, the addition of batu pahat soft clay contributes to increasing the indirect tensile strength, especially when it was observed by using 4%, which gave better results than other soft clay percentages. In the resilient modulus test, Batu Pahat soft clay particles improved the fatigue and rutting resistance by 10.04%. While; in the dynamic creep test, the 4% soft clay value gave the best performance of evaluation works when it was conducted in a long-term aging process with the value of 0.14mm. More importantly, the evaluation of aging conditions noted that soft clay could resist and delay aging, promoting pavement durability. Also, this study was conducted to determine the most suitable and optimum patu pahat soft clay particles in the asphalt mixture and expectant to produce a new road material and to contribute toward producing cheap and effective asphalt mixtures for road construction