Reflecting on seven decades of the Iranian Kurdish movement, this book offers a comprehensive and critical analysis of the politicisation of national sentiments within Iran, and the connections the movement made and developed with Kurdish groups in Iraq. Looking at Kurdish-state relations through events taking place across remote, rural and urban areas in Kurdistan, Allan Hassaniyan analyses nationalist as well as non-nationalist aspects of Kurdish politics and history, reading the evolution of Kurdish nationalism through analysing crossborder Kurdish interaction. Paying particular attention to movement mobilisation and different aspects of the collective actions and insurgency deployed by actors, civil society organisations and the political parties of Iranian Kurds during different phases of the movement, Hassaniyan demonstrates how the ethnonationalist movement of the Iranian Kurds was a product of a discriminatory policy pursued by changing Iranian regimes toward non-Persian and non-Shiite communities in the country, particularly in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Cross-border kinship has been a particular hallmark of Kurdish identity and an important source of solidarity between Kurds of different regions within Kurdistan. However, this article argues that the values of cross-border Kurdish solidarity have been violated in the past, due to the collaboration of elements of the Kurdish movement with the Turkish, Iranian, Iraqi and Syrian states. Misconducted cross-border interaction has led to movement fragmentation, decline or/and termination, and to internecine violence between different sections of the Kurdish movement. This paper, reflecting on the interaction between the Iranian and Iraqi Kurdish movements from the 1960s to the 1990s, argues that the Iranian Kurdish movement has been disadvantaged and has faced multifaceted challenges and difficulties partially owing to this interaction.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIHevgirtina wêdeyî sînoran: Aliyekî lawaz ê KurdayetiyêXizmîniya di navber û wêdeyî sînoran nî$aneyeke taybet a nasnameya kurdî ye ku bûye çavkaniyeke girîng a hevgirtinê di navbera kurdên ji herêmên cuda yên Kurdistanê. Ligel vê, ev gotar diyar dike ku di raboriyê de nirxên vê hevgirtina kurdan ya wêdeyî sînoran hatine pêpestkirin, bi taybetî ji ber hevkariya hindek pêkhateyên bizava neteweyî ya kurdî ligel dewletên Tirk, Îran, Iraq, û Sûriyeyê. Danûstandina wêdeyî sînoran ya xerab hatî rêvebirin bûye sebebê parçebûn, pa$ketin an/û têkçûnê, û tundûtîjiya kujende di navbera pêkhateyên cuda yên bizava kurdî de. Ev gotar berê xwe dide danûstandina di navbera bizavên kurdî yên Îranî û Iraqî yên ji 1960an heta 1990an, û diyar dike ku bizavan kurdî ya Îranî di rew$eke neguncaw de bûye û ketiye ber gelek dijwariyan ku be$ek jê ji ber vê danûstandinê bûne.ABSTRACT IN SORANISollîdarêtî kurdî le piştî sinûrekanewe: Xeter leser rehendî kurdbûnXizmayetî kurdan le herdû dîwî sinûrekanewe yekêke le xale cewherîyekanî nasnamey kurd û serçaweyekî giringî sollîdarêtîye lenêw kurdanî herême ciyawazekanî Kurdistanda. Bellam, em babete gengeşey ewe deka ke ew xizmayetîye le rabirdûda behoy hawkarîy bizûtnewe siyasîyekanî kurd legell dewlletanî Turkiya, Suriya, Êraq û Êranda pêşêl krawe. Xirap bekarhênanî peywendîyekanî herdû dîwî sinûr bote hoy pertbûn, pûkanewe yaxud kotayî hatinî peywendîyekan.  Em babete tîşk dexate ser peywendîyekanî bizûtnewekanî kurdayetî le  Êraq û Êran le 1960ekanewe ta 1990ekan. Bangeşey ewe dekat ke bizûtnewekanî kurd le Êran zereryan lew peywendîyane pê geyîşituwe û rûberûy allingarîy corawcor bûnetewe behoy ew peywendîyanewe.ABSTRACT IN ZAZAKIPiştgirîya kurdan a mîyansînorkîye: yew parçeyê kurdbîyayîşî binê tehluke de yoXisimîya mîyansînorkîye taybetmendîya girînge ya nasnameyê kurdan û seba piştgirîya mabênê kurdanê herêmanê Kurdîstanî yê cîya-cîyayan de çimeyêko muhîm bîyêne. Labelê na meqale de munaqeşe beno ke demo vîyarte de semedê hemkarîya tayê elementanê tevgerê kurdan bi dewletanê Tirkîya, Îran, Îraq û Sûrîye ra, erjê na piştgirîya kurdan a mîyansînorkîye ameyî îxlalkerdene. Seba ke têkilîyê mîyanê sînoran xelet îdare bîyî, tevger bî parçe-parçe, bî kêmî û/yan zî ame peynîye û bî sebebê şidetê mabênê beşanê tevgerê kurdan ê cîya-cîyayan. No nuşte têkilîyanê mabênê tevgeranê kurdan ê Îran û Îraqî yê serranê 1960an û 1990an ser o vindeno. Tede munaqeşe beno ke tevgerê kurdanê Îranî semedê nê têkilîyan ra kewto dezavantaj û raştê tewir bi tewir zorî û zehmetîyan ameyo.

This paper sheds light on the significance of the 1979 Iranian Revolution for the Iranian Kurdish movement, arguing that the Revolution provided Iranian Kurds with multifaceted opportunities as well as challenges. In the ensuing years, the Kurdish movement entered into a new phase of its rise. With the emergence of numerous civil society organizations and political parties, the Kurdish movement experienced a hitherto unprecedented growth and diversification of actors and organisations. Kurdish civil society flourished drastically, and a significant part of the Kurdish movement’s challenge to the newly-established government in Tehran was channelled through collective non-violent resistance. The creation of city councils (şoray şar) across Kurdistan constituted the first important challenge to the authority of the Provisional Revolutionary Government, whilst the mobilisation of collective non-violent resistance introduced new forms of resistance to the post-Revolutionary authoritarian state’s policies in Kurdistan.

Similarly to other places around the globe, Kurdistan has its environmental challenges, some of which are climate change-related and others of which are more local and specific. Nevertheless, in both cases, Kurdish environmental activists, organised in environmental NGOs, are the protectors of Kurdistan's natural environment. The study focuses on the emergence and objectives of environmental activism in Rojhelat/Eastern Kurdistan, arguing that the growth of environmental activism as NGOs is a nascent trend in Rojhelat, and requires an indepth study of its various aspects. The research aims to conceptualise the Kurdish environmental movement and investigate the socio-political and environmental context in Rojhelat. This study is inspired by the concept of "subaltern environmentalism", articulating environmental activism as a platform deployed by marginalised communities in their response to intentional environmental discrimination by political and economic elites. Specific focus is placed on the NGO Chya Green Association, and its evolution, activity and discourse.