Magie {Phys. Rev., 25, 171 (1907)) has evolved an empirical relation of the general form spec, heat = {WN + A + Bp)/{WN + S), where W is the molecular heat of the solvent and N the number of mols, 5 the weight of a gram molecule of the solute, p the dissociation factor based upon the recalculated conductivity measurements of Kohlrausch and Holborn ("Leitvermoegen der Elektrolyte") and A and B are constants. Substituting two of Thomsen's observed values, Magie solved for A and B. Bakowski (Z. physik. Chem., 65, 727 (1909)) subsequently printed a similar formula. See also

The quantity of heat developed by the neutralization of acids with bases has been the subject of numerous investigations. Hess,

No abstract

The author's method for the separation of lithium from the other alkali metals has been studied with the view to its adaptability to the separation of magnesium from these metals. With some modifications, the procedure has been found to be well adapted to magnesium. The method depends on the pogressive precipitation of the sodium and potassium chlorides €ram a concentrated aqueous solution by the use of alcohol and ether and is divided into 2 stages, (I) in which all but a few mg. is precipitated, and (2) in which the last few mg. is removed from solution. The method has several advantages, viz., (I) it affords a direct determination of the sodium and potassium chlorides in that they are precipitated jirst (rather than after magnesium as in other methods), (2) the reagents used are readily volatile organic solvents, and (3) no foreign base or salts is introduced as a precipitating agent.

The statement of the limitations of laboratory measurements as given above, whi!e consonant with scientific, honest conservatism, fails to give due weight to the significance of such observations. Clinical examinations may and do give suggestions of metabolic disorder, but the objective facts of properly standardized and controlled laboratory studies are essential to just conclusions as to endocrine function levels and to individual foci involved. While such objective studies constitute a far more laborious approach than that offered by the observation of outward, physical evidences, from their nature, they enjoy an authority of which the latter are devoid. Sweeping diagnostic conclusions based on the amount of the eyebrow, the alleged shape of the sella turcica, or the spacing of the teeth are happily less frequently met with today than was formerly the case. But even today, the lady with the plucked eyebrow or the healthy youth with a well-repaired accident of the football field may be given an unwarrantable endocrine diagnosis on these putative evidences. Ignorance of current mores and superb confidence in the personal possession of a sixth sense, among other factors, may lead to serious error. The endocrine suggestion of slightly protruding eyes loses dominant significance if the fact be elicited that it is no more than a well-known familial characteristic exemplified through a number of generations. Peculiarly in the endocrine field objective facts impose straiter limits than do subjective theories.This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.