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Objective To evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with a single port access system (SPAS) in dogs. Study Design Retrospective study. Animals Fifteen client‐owned dogs with nonobstructive gallbladder disease. Methods Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, surgical findings, and outcome until suture removal. Results The SPAS was placed 1 cm caudal to the umbilicus. The procedure was completed with the SPAS alone in two cases. An additional cannula was added in 12 cases. In the last 10 cases, the additional cannula was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Dissection began at the cystic duct in 11 dogs (73%). In three cases (20%), the SPAS procedure was converted to a laparotomy; two of these conversions were elective, and one was emergent. The risk of conversion was affected by the experience of the surgeon (odds ratio = 0.53; P = .0105), and the rate of conversion was reduced when a cannula was added at the beginning of the procedure (P = .022). Fourteen dogs were discharged from the hospital. One dog died after being discharged due to severe cholangiohepatitis, and another dog died due to leakage of a gastrostomy tube. Conclusions The use of SPAS for cholecystectomy in dogs has an acceptable outcome. The experience gained by the surgeon and the addition of a cannula reduced the risk of conversion. Clinical Relevance/Impact Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed with a SPAS. The placement of an additional cannula at the beginning of the procedure is highly recommended.

Mast cell tumors are uncommon in horses and typically have a benign clinical course, but there are occasional reports of more aggressive behavior. The objective of this study was to review histologic features and KIT expression patterns of 72 previously diagnosed equine cutaneous mast cell tumors to determine if either is associated with clinical outcomes. Biopsy specimens were reviewed using histologic criteria derived from grading schemes, and KIT antibody expression patterns used in canine tumors and surveys were sent to referring veterinarians for follow-up clinical data. Arabians were overrepresented relative to the reference population. Most tumors were well differentiated with low mitotic rates (96%), and aberrant KIT staining patterns, as described in dogs, were uncommonly identified (12%). Associated clinical disease was uncommon and no tumors exhibited malignant behavior. Overall, KIT staining pattern and histologic features were not associated with poor clinical outcome or abnormal tumor behavior.

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Subjects, all full-time polytechnic students studying engineering, science and education ( ns = 64, 10, 17), took the AH5 Intelligence Test and the modified rod-and-frame test. Significant differences between education students and others were found, indicating greater field-independence for the former, but no such differences were found between engineering and science students.