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Optical radiation consists of the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) regions of the nonionizing electromagnetic spectrum. The main target organs for optical radiation are the eye and skin. This chapter reviews the basic science of optical radiation, describes characteristics of common broadband optical radiation sources, discusses exposure criteria and methods for the quantitative assessment of optical radiation hazards, describes basic principles for control of these hazards, and provides practical discussion of hazard recognition and control for specific processes or sources, including solar UV, welding, germicidal radiation, and photocuring lamps.