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No abstract

Objective Inflammation is present in many diseases and identification of immune cell infiltration is a common assessment. CD138 (syndecan-1) is a recommended immunohistochemical marker for human plasmacytes although it is also expressed in various epithelia and tumors. Similarly, CD138 is a marker for murine plasmacytes, but its tissue immunostaining is not well-defined. Endogenous CD138 expression is an important confounding factor when evaluating plasmacyte infiltration. We studied two plasmacyte markers (CD138 and Kappa light chains) for endogenous immunostaining in five organs and one tumor from B6 mice. Results Plasmacytes in Peyer’s patches were positive for CD138 and Kappa markers without endogenous immunostaining. Endogenous CD138 immunostaining was widespread in liver, kidney, lung and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) versus regionalized immunostaining in skin and small intestine wall. Endogenous Kappa immunostaining was absent in all tissues except for plasmacytes. Tissues with widespread endogenous CD138 immunostaining were contrasted by absence of endogenous Kappa immunostaining. Here, plasmacytes would not be distinguished by CD138, but would be obvious by Kappa immunostaining. Our study suggests that utility of immunostaining for plasmacytes by CD138 is tissue dependent in mice. Additionally, Kappa immunostaining may be a useful alternative in mouse tissues with confounding endogenous CD138 immunostaining.

» Because of their increased mobility, lack of resistance to hoop stresses, and decreased blood supply, radial tears of the lateral meniscus are more troublesome to heal than vertical longitudinal tears.» Given the success of meniscal root repairs, radial tears of the lateral meniscal body should be given strong consideration for repair because of a more reproducible ability to heal such lesions in young, active patients.» Technique options that should be considered for the less common anterior radial tears of the lateral meniscus include outside-in repair, self-capturing suture-passing devices, and orthobiologic treatments to stimulate healing.» Although a variety of suture techniques, including the double horizontal mattress and horizontal butterfly patterns, have demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes, evidence is still limited with regard to the ideal suture pattern for radial tears.

We are thrilled to share 3 art pieces along with their rationale by talented artist Allison Akers.