The various interventions in the Uruburetama Massif have generated a situation of degradation that compromises local economic, social and environmental sustainability. As a way of warning about the worsening of environmental problems, this research aims to make a diagnosis of environmental degradation in the humid hillside of the Uruburetama Massif / CE and its surroundings, in order to assess the impacts generated from human actions. The research methodology consisted of data acquisition, with a bibliographic review, orbital images and vector data obtaining; and carrying out field activities to recognize and identify land use and occupation and its associated impacts. Subsequently, these data and actions supported the characterization and thematic mapping of the research area. From the integration of these data, it was verified that the humid slope of the Uruburetama Massif has an advanced stage of degradation from the urban expansion and agricultural activities. The interventions occur even in the areas of permanent preservation, contrary to the Brazilian Forest Code (12.651 / 2012 Law). The state and municipal public authorities contribute to the degradation situation by making road openings without the necessary care to stabilize the slopes. There is also the absence of legislation (Installment, Zoning and Use and Occupation) that supports the process of monitoring, inspection and control of urban expansion and agricultural activities in some municipalities. Although the municipalities in the study area (Irauçuba, Itapajé, Itapipoca, Pentecoste, Tejuçuoca, Trairi, Tururu, Umirim and Uruburetama) have an environmental management body, their actions occur in a deficient manner due to lack of technical, financial and human resources, or because there are conflicts of interest when carrying out their activities integrated with other departments, such as agriculture, water resources, fishing, culture and tourism.
As regiões costeiras, de uma forma geral, são ambientes dinâmicos formados a partir da atuação conjunta de processos eólicos, terrestres, oceânicos e atmosféricos. O sensoriamento remoto, somado com o processamento digital de imagens e os sistemas de informações geográficas, tem sido sistematicamente utilizado em estudos relacionados ao ambiente costeiro. Porém, o uso dessas geotecnologias encontra dificuldades em individualizar compartimentos geomorfológicos do litoral devido à homogeneidade composicional entre as feições presentes. Neste contexto, a planície costeira do município de Icapuí, localizado no estado do Ceará na porção setentrional da região Nordeste brasileira, foi analisada utilizando imagens orbitais do sensor MSI / Sentinel-2. Composições HRGB e MNDWI foram submetidas a uma combinação de técnicas como realce por descorrelação e filtragens, que juntas permitiram gerar composições denominadas HRGBI e que diferenciaram as feições geomorfológicas presentes na área. A partir destes resultados, foi possível gerar um mapa temático que exibiu os diversos compartimentos geomorfológicos interpretados na área em estudo. Foi possível demonstrar a capacidade do sensor MSI e das técnicas apresentadas em caracterizar feições de ambientes costeiros recentes, permitindo levantar hipóteses acerca dos processos envolvidos na sua formação e da sua evolução sedimentar ao longo do tempo geológico mais recente.
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