A B S T R A C TAcross the nation, librarians work with caregivers and children to encourage engagement in their early literacy programs. However, these early literacy programs that libraries provide have been left mostly undocumented by research, especially through quantitative methods. Valuable Initiatives in Early Learning that Work Successfully (VIEWS2) was designed to test new ways to measure the effectiveness of these early literacy programs for young children (birth to kindergarten), leveraging a mixed methods, quasi-experimental design. Using two innovative tools, researchers collected data at 120 public library storytimes in the first year of research, observing approximately 1,440 children ranging from birth to 60 months of age. Analysis of year-one data showed a correlation between the early literacy content of the storytime program and children's outcomes in terms of early literacy behaviors. These findings demonstrate that young children who attend public library storytimes are responding to the early literacy content in the storytime programs. S torytimes have long been an iconic part of children's services at the public library. The historical version of storytime, story hours, was created in the 1940s to expose children to books and to support a love of reading in young children. In the mid-1950s, librarians began to place an active emphasis on using storytimes to support literacy in young children (Albright, Delecki, and Hinkle 2009). More than 60 years later, storytimes continue to focus on supporting children's early literacy skills and serve as the pillar for a large array of learningfocused library programming designed to reach children from the ages of birth to kindergarten.In fact, 61.5 % of 3.57 million programs provided by public libraries were designed for children

Central to subject searchin is the match between user vocabula and the headings from Li % rary of Congress Sub-Headings&XH) used in a library catalog. This paper evaluates previous matching studies, proposes a detailed list of matching categbries, and tests LCSH In a study using these categories. Exact and artial match categories are defined for single LCSH and multipfe LCSH matches to user expressions. One no-match category IS included. Transaction logs from ORION, UCLA's online lnforrnation system, were used to collect user expressions for a comparison of LCSH and user language. Results show that single LCSH headings match user expressions exactly about 47% of the time; that single subject heading matches, including exact matches, comprise 74% of the total; that partial matches, to both sin le and multiple headin s, comprise about 21% of the total; an cf that no match occurs 5 % o of the time. 0 1989 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights resewed. 37 Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 08:37 04 February 2015

This paper examines a user categorisation of documents related to a particular literary work. Fifty study participants completed an unconstrained sorting task of documents related to Charles Dickens’ A Christmas carol. After they had finished the sorting task, participants wrote descriptions of the attributes they used to create each group. Content analysis of these descriptions revealed categories of attributes used for grouping. Participants used physical format, audience, content description, pictorial elements, usage, and language most frequently for grouping. Many of the attributes participants used for grouping already exist in bibliographic records and may be used to cluster records related to works automatically in online catalogue displays. The attributes used by people in classifying or grouping documents related to a work may be used to guide the design of summary online catalogue work displays.

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To investigate the extent to which online catalogs arrange together, or collocate, records representing particular authors and works, a survey compared the displays resulting from five author and five work queries in 18 online catalogs. Dependent variables to measure collocation included the number of times irrelevant records were interfiled among relevant records. Searches for worst‐case authors and works associated with large retrieval sets, including “Homer” and “Paradise Lost,” revealed the effects of Boolean versus string matching, query type, and catalog size on the collocation of relevant records. Results of the survey showed that string matching collocated relevant records more successfully than Boolean matching, that author records were collocated more successfully than work records, and, surprisingly, that catalog size had only a small effect on collocation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.