Durante 2017, Jalisco fue el segundo estado con mayor aportación al PIB agrícola nacional (SIAP, 2020). El cultivo de berries es una importante actividad socioeconómica de este estado, los cuales incluyen el arándano (Vaccinium spp.), frambuesa (Rubus idaeus) y zarzamora (Rubus ulmifolius). Jalisco es el principal productor de frambuesa, el segundo de zarzamora, y el cuarto de fresa (Fragaria spp.) a nivel nacional (FIRA, 2016). Sin embargo, se percibe que a diferencia de los cultivos de fresa y zarzamora, la superficie cultivada de frambuesa incrementó en los últimos años, dicho incremento no puede ser explicado por cambios en el precio o rendimiento sino por otros factores. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si hubo distorsiones en los mercados que pudieron haber influido en la elección de los productores de Jalisco por algún tipo de berry en particular. Se partió de la hipótesis, que de los berries, la frambuesa tuvo una mayor ventaja competitiva o comparativa. Para medir el grado de distorsión del mercado se aplicó la metodología de la matriz de análisis de políticas. Los resultados indican que los tres tipos de berries fueron rentables; sin embargo, algunas distorsiones económicas beneficiaron a la frambuesa y zarzamora, e impactaron negativamente al cultivo de fresa, además existió un gran subsidio a las ganancias del cultivo de frambuesa. Se concluye que distorsiones creadas por el mercado y el gobierno influyeron en la elección del tipo de berry a sembrar por los productores, favoreciendo la producción de frambuesa.
Objective: Within the framework of the treaty between Mexico, the United States and Canada (USMCA), the objective of this study is to provide a description through econometric methods of the variables that influence tomato trade, in addition to describing the commercial dynamics of the sector in both Mexico and the United States. Design / Methodology / Approach: A gravity model was applied to investigate and evaluate the role of some of the main economic and geographic variables as determinants of Mexican trade flows. Results: The results show that the most important variables are the US gross national income per capita (GNIPC), as well as the US per capita production and consumption volumes calculated from apparent national consumption (ANC). It was also found that the variable GNIPC is better to determine the model than the gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), due to the qualities of the variables. Limitations / Implications: Statistical records for the period 1994 to 2020 were taken into account, considering all varieties of tomato produced and exported. Findings / Conclusions: Regarding income, the variable with the best fit in the model was in GNIPC, which was adopted in the World Bank’s current way of classifying countries by income, variables such as consumption and production behaved in a typical way increasing and decreasing the volume traded. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most competitive and profitable agricultural products in Mexico.
Avocado is a product of national importance because it is exported, but part of its production is dedicated to national consumption, in this study the behavior of the demand for this product at the national level was analyzed, involving seven additional products that were: corn, green chili, tomato, lemon, beef, pork and chicken; For the study, the model of the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) was used and the method of apparently unrelated equations (SUR) was used with the support of the SUR / SYSNLIN function of the SAS system; The Marshallian, Hicksian and Expenditure elasticities were obtained for monthly consumption from 2004 to 2015 reported in the agricultural and fishing information system (SIAP), it was concluded that avocado has a normal inelastic demand with respect to expenditure, in addition to being a good substitute for corn, green chili, lemon, beef and chicken; and complementary to tomato and pork.
Este trabajo se desarrolló por la inquietud de un grupo de mujeres del municipio de Cuitláhuac, Veracruz. El Colegio de Posgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas, y sus estudiantes deben generar y difundir conocimiento para bien de la sociedad, por ello se realiza este trabajo, para poder determinar la factibilidad financiera del proyecto productivo denominado: Producción de anturio (Anthurium andreanum Lindem) en el municipio de Cuitláhuac, Veracruz. Con el objetivo evaluar el proyecto de inversión para la producción de anturio en la localidad en 2011, a través de la integración de las técnicas tradicionales de evaluación de proyectos y el enfoque de opciones reales. SeobtuvounVAN(valoractualneto)de$132986,relación beneficio- costo (B/C) de 1.07, relación beneficio-inversión neta (N/K) de 1.274 y tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 17%, por lo cual se llega a la conclusión de la factibilidad del proyecto. Al ser evaluado con la técnica de opciones reales bajo los escenarios de expansión, contracción, abandono y opción estratégica, se obtuvieron los siguientes valores: $169 209.26; $147 894.73; $145 798.53; $184 038.33; respectivamente para cada una de los escenarios, por lo que se determina que los escenarios más importantes son el de opción estratégica y la opción de expansión.
Objective: To assess the economic impact of the implementation of differentproduction systems (real, traditional, intensive and organic) on the profits of copra-producing states and major coconut oil companies.Design/Methodology/Approach: A linear programming model was formulatedwhich considered the main costs and production revenues, and the transport costs ofthe copra and coconut oil market, in order to maximize the profit of copra producersand the oil industry simultaneously.Results: The states that were most suitable in the distribution of copra wereGuerrero and Tabasco, which proved to be the main suppliers of all the productionsystems evaluated; within production systems, the intensive system presented ahigher level of profit in the scenarios raised.Study Limitations/Implications: The model considered the sale of copra as thesole income of producers, leaving aside the marketing of other products and economic transfers, thus underestimating their total profit. Future research isrequired to help collect data on alternative sources of income for producers.Findings/Conclusions: Increasing copra production without taking into account theinstalled capacity in the industry results in the creation of a copra surplus in mostproducing states, which would result in a fall in the prices of this product, thereforereducing the profit of most states.
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