No abstract

The goal of the research is to study the opportunity to produce environmentally clean agricultural products (organic food) under the conditions of the Kostanai Region. The researches were made in two crop rotations: cereal laying fallow, two-field crop rotation (1-biologized fallow-mustard, 2-wheat) and cereal laying fallow, two-field crop rotation (1-biologized fallow-grass sorghum, 2-wheat). Both are formed on stubbles and shredded straw, where wheat cultivation technologies are used. Experimental variants of wheat cultivation are classified into saving organic technologies. Over the 2012-2014 researches, biologized fallows of the Sudan grass happened to be the best forecrops when fighting against weediness of crops both at the fallow stage and for the next crop after the fallow. The cocurrent observations allowed revealing the tendency of improving the erosion resistance of biologized fields occupied by the mustard and Sudan grass for crop residue. Data on the yield for three years say about the efficiency of short crop rotations with biologized fields. Thus, the wheat yield after the grass sorghum for the years of researches made up 17.9 c/ha-technology 1, 18.7 c/hatechnology 2 and 17.1 c/ha-technology 3. After mustard it was 17.0 c/hatechnology 1, 17.9 c/ha-technology 2 and 19.6 c/ha-technology 3. The denial from applying pesticides, along with biologization of fallow fields and applied cultivation technologies made it possible to decrease the content of trace quantities of pesticides in soil and wheat samples at the initial stage of the three years' period and to entirely clean the experimental field and yield from toxic remnants by the end of the three years' researches.

This study presents the results of some options to restore pastures with low productivity in the arid steppes of the Kostanay region of northern Kazakhstan, describing the effects associated with grass-legume mixtures. The effects of grass-legume mixtures, contribution to the preservation and maintenance of pasture forage crops, and the productivity of pastures were discussed. Mixtures of grasses and legumes were selected that are promising crops for arid regions.The plant density and its condition were determined based on test plots of adjacent rows of 0.5 m each, followed by counting. The plant height was determined before the yield of green mass by measuring 25 plants of each species. The yield of green mass in the maturity phase of the grass was determined by mowing and weighing the green mass in the plots, followed by the analysis of the species composition in the grass mixture and drying until air dry. The density of plants, the height of the plants, and the safety of the forage plants according to the sowing method were the data collected. In addition, the effect of grass mixtures on the productivity of forage crops to improve pastures was compared. According to these results, the highest productivity under experimental conditions was found in the wheat grassalfalfa-bromegrass variant. This information can contribute to the improvement of the state of the pastures since it is complete and inexpensive food for farm animals.