Aim of the Study:Development of standardized, synergistic, safe and effective traditional herbal formulations with robust scientific evidence can offer faster and more economical alternatives for the treatment of disease. The main objective was to develop a method of preparation of guggulkalpa tablets so that the tablets meet the criteria of efficacy, stability, and safety.Materials and Methods:Triphalaguggulkalpa tablet, described in sharangdharsanhita and containing guggul and triphala powder, was used as a model drug. Preliminary experiments on marketed triphalaguggulkalpa tablets exhibited delayed in vitro disintegration that indicated probable delayed in vivo disintegration. The study involved preparation of triphalaguggulkalpa tablets by Ayurvedic text methods and by wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression method. The tablets were evaluated for loss on drying, volatile oil content, % solubility, and steroidal content. The tablets were evaluated for performance tests like weight variation, disintegration, and hardness.Results:It was observed that triphalaguggulkalpa tablets, prepared by direct compression method, complied with the hardness and disintegration tests, whereas tablets prepared by Ayurvedic text methods failed.Conclusion:Direct compression is the best method of preparing triphalaguggulkalpa tablets.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major cause of death worldwide, despite possibly curable therapies. Neurotoxicity, optic neuritis, and severe liver damage are side effects of isoniazid, a powerful first-line anti-TB drug. Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major cause of death worldwide, despite possibly curable therapies. Neurotoxicity, optic neuritis, and severe liver damage are side effects of isoniazid, a powerful first-line anti-TB drug. background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major cause of death worldwide, despite possibly curable therapies. Neurotoxicity, optic neuritis, and severe liver damage are side effects of isoniazid, a powerful first-line anti-TB drug. Objective: We investigated the use of PCL-PEG copolymer to sustain the release of isoniazid to reduce its adverse effects. Methods: In the present work, PCL-PEG copolymer was synthesized and characterized. Isoniazid-loaded nanoparticles (Inp) were prepared using a PCL-PEG copolymer. Furthermore, a 23 half factorial design was employed for the optimization of drug and emulsifier concentration in Inp. Full characterization of the nanoparticles was performed in terms of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release. The morphology, FTIR, DSC, and PXRD evaluation of the optimized Batch Inp F13 were studied. Stability was evaluated by storing the freeze-dried Inp F13 at various temperatures. method: PCL-PEG copolymer was synthesized and characterized. Isoniazid loaded nanoparticles (Inp) were prepared using PCL-PEG copolymer. Further, 23 half factorial design was employed for optimization of the drug and emulsifier concentration in Inp. Full characterization of the nanoparticles was performed in terms of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release. The morphology, FTIR, DSC and PXRD evaluation of the optimized Batch Inp F13 was studied. Stability was evaluated by storing the freeze-dried Inp F13 at various temperature. Results: The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of nanoparticles prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation were found to be the highest. The release study revealed that all batches of nanoparticles exhibited sustained drug release (60.26- 88.59%) for 5 days. The cytotoxicity study conducted on Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed a gradual release of isoniazid from Inp, reaching the maximum (on the 15th day) compared to plain isoniazid (on the 4th day). At 0.8 μg/mL concentration, the inhibitory activity of Inp F13 was maintained for 15 days, indicating sustained release of isoniazid. Conclusion: The nanoparticles having PCL: PEG in a 95:5 ratio, with 0.5% PVA and initial drug loading of 3 mg, produced the optimum batch. Isoniazid-loaded PCL-PEG nanoparticles allowed controlled (sustained) release of isoniazid. other: supplementary data is uploaded

Aim: Ayurveda describes herbal or polyherbal or herbo-mineral medicines such as Avipattikar churna for treatment of Amlapitta, ajirna for centuries. Ayurvedic medicines are associated with limitations namely, palatability, stability and accuracy of dose. Ayurvedic medicines lack in adequate safety and efficacy evidence data. The aim of the study was to develop a stable and palatable Avipattikar suspension using recent formulation and analytical techniques. The study was also aimed at determination of acid neutralizing capacity of Avipattikar suspension and predicting its efficacy for treatment of Functional Dyspepsia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder. Methods: Flocculated Avipattikar suspension was prepared using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the suspending agent, sodium citrate as the flocculating agent, mannitol as a taste masking agent. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium citrate, Tween 80®, glycerin and mannitol were not used in Deflocculated Avipattikar suspension. The sedimentation volume, degree of flocculation, redispersibility and pH of the suspension was evaluated. The acid neutralization capacity of Avipattikar suspension was determined by Unite States Pharmacopoeia method. Results: The present study successfully demonstrated formulation of stable Avipattikar suspension from Avipattikar churna.  The suspendability of sediment was retained for 15 days in presence of CMC. The results indicated that the acid neutralizing capacity of Avipattikar suspension (2.80 mMol of H+/ gm) was similar to that of the marketed antacid suspension (2.756 mMol of H+/ gm). The unpleasant taste of herbal drugs was masked satisfactorily. Conclusion: Avipattikar suspension may be a cheaper, safer and effective alternative for current antacids for the treatment of functional dyspepsia.