Background:The aim of our study is to determine the incidence of single coronary artery (SCA) (9%) type R-I, 23 (34%) type R-II, 10 (15%) type R-III, 16 (24%) type L-I and 12 (18%) type L-II patients according to the angiographic classification.Conclusions: SCA is rarely seen during routine cardiac catheterisation and its incidence is 0.014-0.066% in angiographic series. In our study, the incidence was shown to be similar to the previous studies. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 4: 469-474)

SummaryBackroundCoronary artery ectasia (CAE) without specific symptoms is the localised or diffuse swelling of the epicardial coronary arteries. Magnessium (Mg) plays an important role in cardiac excitability, vascular tonus, contractibility, reactivity and vasodilatation. In our research, we aimed to study the vasodilatory effect of Mg in the aetiopathogenesis of ectasia.MethodsPatients identified during routine coronary angiograms in our clinic between January 2010 and 2013 were included in the study. Sixty-two patients with isolated CAE, 57 with normal coronary angiograms (NCA), 73 with severe coronary artery disease (CAD), and 95 with stenosis of at least one coronary artery and CAE (CAD + CAE) were included in the study. Serum Mg levels were measured in mg/ dl after 12 hours of fasting.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease and medications used. Serum glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), urea, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, sodium and potassium levels were similar in all groups. Serum Mg levels were 1.90 ± 0.19 mg/dl in patients with isolated CAE, 1.75 ± 0.19 mg/dl in those with CAD, 1.83 ± 0.20 mg/dl in those with CAD + CAE, and 1.80 ± 0.16 mg/dl in the NCA group. These results show that Mg levels were higher in ectasia patients with or without CAD.ConclusionsThe histopathological characteristics of patients with CAE were similar to those with CAD. The specific mechanism of abnormal luminal dilatation seen in CAE however remains to be elucidated. Mg is a divalent cation with powerful vasodilatory effects. In our study, serum Mg levels were found to be statistically higher in ectasia patients with or without CAD.

Case RepoRt 1In April 2007, a 40-year-old female patient was admitted to the cardiology clinic with a chief complaint of squeezing chest pain with five minutes duration, aggravating by exercise, for one year. On physical examination, a grade 1-2/6 systolic regurgitation murmur was detected. Other system examinations were normal. Electrocardiography (ECG) was in sinus rhythm and there was not any ST-T segment changes. Transthorasic echocardiography, left ventricular functions were normal and a mild mitral regurgitation was detected. In the exercise stress test, 2 mm ST segment depression in inferior derivations was detected and diagnostic coronary angiography was planned. Coronary arteries were found to be normal but contrast material followed an uncommon route in its venous return phase without forming CS and draining into left ventricle directly via Thebesian veins [Table/ Fig-1, 2]. Case RepoRt 2In January 2013, a 40-year-old female patient was admitted to outpatient clinic with the complaint of angina five minutes duration during exercise for six months. Cardiac and other systems examinations were normal. The ECG was in sinus rhythm and there wasn't any pathologic ST-T change. The transthorasic echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular functions and valvular structures. In the exercise stress test, 3 mm ST segment depression was detected in V5, V6, DI, aVL derivations and coronary angiography was planned. Coronary arteries were found to be normal, however, contrast material followed an uncommon Fig-3, 4]. A multislice CT is recommended to the patient but she did not accept the procedure. She was given medical therapy and was discharged with the diagnosis of absent CS. DisCussionCoronary Sinus (CS) is the venous drainage system of the heart. Absence of the coronary sinus or atresia of ostium of the CS are rarely seen cardiac malformations [1,2]. Congenital cardiac malformations like single ventricle, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, atrial septal defect, systemic and pulmonary venous return anomalies including persistent left superior vena cava, generally accompany this anomaly [1,2]. Isolated congenital absence of CS is even more rare. Herein we present two cases of isolated congenital absence of CS without any associated cardiac malformations. aBstRaCtCoronary sinus (CS) is the venous drainage system of the heart. Absence of the coronary sinus or atresia of ostium of the CS are rarely seen cardiac malformations. Congenital absence of CS usually is found together with other cardiac malformations, however, isolated congenital absence of CS is very rare. Multiple coronary-cameral fistulous connections, through which the blood drains into one of the cardiac chambers, are commonly seen in patients with CS abnormalities. Herein we present a case two cases of total absence of CS with a venous system draining directly into the left ventricle through Thebesian veins.

No abstract

No abstract