No abstract

The presence of a family history of glaucoma is a known risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in middle-aged and older individuals. In this study, our aim was to demonstrate possible early glaucomatous alterations in young first- and second-degree relatives of POAG patients by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A total of 104 participants (52 relatives of POAG patients and 52 healthy individuals) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were between 17 years and 45 years of age. All eyes underwent testing with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, hemifield macular thickness, macular ganglion cell complex thickness, posterior pole asymmetry analysis, and retinal arteriolar caliber measurements were taken for comparison between the study and control groups. The mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 104.9 ± 8.8 μm in the study group and 105.6 ± 7.4 μm in the control group (p = 0.68). Although whole macular thickness measurements were higher in the control group when compared with the study group (p = 0.008), the macular ganglion cell complex thickness was similar in both groups (p = 0.87). The posterior pole asymmetry analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups in the aspect of consecutive black squares (p = 0.79). The mean retinal arteriolar caliber was 85.9 ± 4.8 μm in the study group and 86.0 ± 5.0 μm in the control group (p = 0.90). In conclusion, young relatives of POAG patients do not show characteristic glaucomatous damage when compared with the controls.

The anterior chamber morphological parameters (i.e., ACV, ACD) were significantly positively correlated with the hexagonal endothelial cell percentage and corneal epithelium thickness in healthy adults.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of the light intensity of the recording room where eye examinations are conducted on the evaluation of lens and corneal clarity. Method: This cross-sectional and comparative study used 63 eyes of 32 participants. Corneal and lenticular optical densitometries, pachymetry, corneal volume, anterior segment volume, and anterior chamber depth measurements were taken with the Scheimpflug imaging system when the lights in the recording room were on (80 lux) and off (3 lux). The results were statistically compared. Results: The mean lens density when the lights were on was 13.61 ± 2.03, whereas that when the lights were off was 8.48 ± 1.48 (P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean corneal density when the lights were on was 15.87 ± 1.36, whereas that when the lights were off was 11.13 ± 0.90 (P < 0.001). The pachymetry, corneal volume, anterior segment volume, and anterior chamber depth measurements did not differ under the different light conditions. Conclusions: The densitometry values increased with an increase in light intensity. This study revealed that the lens and corneal densitometry evaluations were significantly affected by the lighting in the recording room.

To examine changes in the eyes after cold compress application at the early stage. Method: A total of 62 eyes from 62 healthy adult participants were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness were measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography. The central corneal thickness, anterior segment volume and depth, iridocorneal angle, and pupil diameter were measured by means of the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging method. The measurements were repeated after 10 min of cold compress application, which was applied using special packs. The procedures were then repeated with non-cold packages to exclude the effect of pressure. Results: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.82 years. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness after cold compress application, and there was a significant decrease in the anterior segment volume (p<0.001), anterior segment depth (p<0.001), and pupil diameter. Moreover, the iridocorneal angle increased (p=0.002). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased after the application of cold compress (p<0.001). The overall disk thickness (p=0.034) and superior nasal scale (p=0.007) significantly decreased after the cold compress was administered during the evaluation of optic nerve fiber thickness. In contrast to that with the cold application, the subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve fiber thickness did not change after the non-cold compress application (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cold compress application may thus cause some physiological changes in the eyes, which necessitates the examination of its usage and effects.