We measure the level of financial literacy in Turkey using the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) methodology and compare our results with the ones obtained in 14 other countries that has used the same methodology. In our sample, financial knowledge and financial behavior levels are lower than the average of the 14 countries, whereas financial attitude level is around the average. The overall financial literacy score, which is a combination of the three aforementioned aspects, is also lower than the average of the 14 countries. We find that financial behavior is positively related with financial knowledge, female respondents are lagging behind the male respondents in financial literacy, and this lag is bigger than those in the 14 countries. Very young respondents and old respondents are less financially literate, financial literacy score is positively related with income, education, and income stability.

The necessity of conducting business processes of institutions and individuals with information technologies has brought risks and threats. Cyber-attacks may lead to hard-to-recover results. Although many security systems have been developed against to these attacks, attacks and security breaches of information systems are increasing rapidly. In this study, it is aimed to understand the security weaknesses and vulnerabilities, which is one of the most important issues at the point of providing cyber security, and to detect cyber-attacks. Using physical networks to test cyber-attack methods is a very costly and time consuming process. In this paper, as a different method, a cyber-attack simulation model has been developed using the DEVS modelling approach to simulate and test cyber-attack scenarios and evaluate the results. An application has been developed that simulates an attack scenario in a virtual network and evaluates detector alerts by generating appropriate intrusion detection system signals. The DEVS-Suite simulation environment was used as a development environment. Comparisons were made with different cyber-attack simulation applications and their differences were revealed.

Evaluating Turkey-Russia relations is a dilemma, as the two countries fluctuate between perceptions of mutual historical hostility and strategic partnership. An alternative perspective is needed to get beyond the impasse of this dilemma. The main purpose of this study is to explain the common aspects of the grand strategies of Turkey and Russia within the framework of the pattern and to evaluate the policies of both countries in Syria, Libya, and the South Caucasus where the interests of both intersect and occasional conflict. We propose that Turkey-Russia relations can best be defined around the concepts of ‘smart alignment’ and ‘flexible competition.’ Their bilateral relations cannot be considered black or white in the abstract, but rather take place in the ‘gray zone.’ Alternative scenarios for the future of bilateral relations are presented in the conclusion.

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