Methanolic extracts (MEs) of seven brown seaweeds occurring in the Indian coastal waters were screened for their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties following various assays. The methanolic extracts of seaweeds in the order of Dictyopteris australis > Spatoglossum variabile > Stoechospermum marginatum > Spatoglossum aspermum showed significant cytotoxic activity. A very high DPPH radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanolic extracts prepared from St. marginatum, Padina tetrastromatica, Dictyopteris delicatula and S. aspermum. The total phenolic content of the MEs varied from 13.19 ± 0.32 to 25.29 ± 0.445 gallic acid equivalents (mg g−1 of methanolic extract). The reducing power assay indicated a dose dependency, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL−1 of MEs and decreased in the following order: Butylated hydroxy toluene > P. tetrastromatica > D. delicatula > S. aspermum > S. variabile > S. marginatum > D. australis > S. marginatum. Furthermore, D. australis, S. aspermum, S. variabile and S. marginatum demonstrated good metal ion chelating properties. All the above evidences suggest that, the antioxidant compounds found in brown seaweeds scavenge free radicals through effective intervention. This decisively promotes them as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
This article evaluates the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the seaweeds Amphiroa fragilissima and Asparigopsis taxiformis methanolic extracts in-vitro. The aim of this study was to test the selected red seaweed extracts for their cytotoxic activity by Brine shrimp lethality assay and antioxidant properties by in-vitro free radical scavenging assays such as, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, and metal ion chelating assay. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC) of the seaweed extracts was also determined. In the brine shrimp lethality test, A. fragilissima and A. taxiformis demonstrated mild cytotoxic activity of 53.33 ± 2.58 and 58.33 ± 2.58 % at the highest concentration of 0.5mg/ml and 24 h incubation time. The total phenolic content of both the seaweed extracts were expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/ gram dry seaweed extract and consecutively decreased as follows: A. taxiformis (8.521 ± 0.284) > A. fragilissima (8.220 ± 0.214). Percent DPPH radical scavenging activities of the two studied red seaweed extracts were dose dependant and was highest in the extract of A. fragilissima (IC50 2.89 ± 0.061 mg/ml) when compared to A. taxiformis (IC50 3.38 ± 0.042 mg/ml), although none showed comparable activity to the standard ascorbic acid (ICM50 0.07 ± 0.002 mg/ml). Reducing power in seaweed methanolic extracts at all concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml decreased in the order of BHT > A. fragilissima > A. taxiformis. The metal ion chelating efficacy was the highest in A. fragilissima (IC501.27 ± 0.018 mg/ml) followed by A. taxiformis (IC50 2.37 ± 0.172 mg/ml), respectively. The present study exemplifies that the methanolic extracts of Amphiroa fragilissima and Asparigopsis taxiformis have notable cytotoxic and antioxidant activities in in-vitro assay systems.
Magnetic fields have influencedthe life and growth of organisms on this earth. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation is the designation for radiation with frequencies from 1-300 Hz and its influence on animal and human systems are found to be hazardous. On the contrary, low electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been found to increase the seed germination rates and accelerate the plant growth, protein biosynthesis and root development. The present study aims at determining the impacts of low electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures on seed germination rates and the plant growth phases. For the study, seeds of Pisum sativum, Zea mays, Solanum Lycopersicum, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cajanus cajan were germinated at low electromagnetic fields (380 ± 20 µT). The control groups were kept away from the influence of low EMF while the test groups were germinated under the EMF influence. The observations of present study indicated a significant effect of EMF on germination rates and an enhanced growth period in the test groups. The pot studies were carried out to monitor the seedling growth. The growth rates for the test group seedlings were faster in comparison to the control group. The influence of EMF acting as a biostimulant displays a positive response on seed germination speeding up the germination rates leading to a faster and enhanced plant growth thus reducing the time period for growth leading to a faster crop yield.
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