Purpose of the study: In this article, we will try to more thoroughly reveal the essence of the phenomenon "methodical thinking" and present its component composition as an object of development. Methodology: Methodical thinking is a peculiar phenomenon with its own content and structure, its own characteristics and functional links with methodical skills and with the personality of the teacher. In the study of methodical thinking, we were guided by the well-known proposition that mental processes are included in certain specific forms of activity, within which and depending on which they are formed. Results: The methodical side of a foreign language teacher can be represented as the solution of a long series of methodological tasks that are the object of methodical thinking. The factors influencing the nature of methodical thinking are diverse and heterogeneous, but it is the peculiarities of the methodological task that determine, first of all, its specificity. Training teachers of a foreign language should carry with it the possibilities for the formation of a multitude of socially valuable motives, i.e. there should be a purposeful, consistent education of the motivational sphere of thinking. Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the characteristics and structure of methodical thinking of a foreign language teacher is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

The study conducted a questionnaire survey of university students, the purpose of which was to determine how students do their independent work while learning a foreign language and to reveal the difficulties in this process .The whole learning process of a structured in such a way as to arouse students' interest in those materials on the language that carry important and new information, in order to constantly maintain the desire to learn the language at home, so that students can see this need. Only in this case the study can have a positive effect on the development of such student qualities, purposefulness, organization, and perseverance.  A brief analysis of students' answers about difficulties in independent work while learning foreign languages, the investigation emphasize that for the organization of the foreign language learning process, it is important to investigate not only the issues of the teacher’s work, questions of teaching methods, but also questions of organizing student’s work, namely, questions of studying and mastering skills in foreign languages.

Purpose of the study: This article proposes a system for teaching English spelling as one of the aspects of mastering a word, i.e. mastering the acoustic, semantic, functional, and graphic-orthographic sides of a word. The task of the given research is considering the operational content of the process of re-encrypting audio signals into alphabetic, i.e. act of writing itself, as one of the components of writing.Methodology: The analysis of the process of replacing acoustic signals with letters in the act of writing in order to identify its structure is based on scientific ideas about the patterns of functioning of the speech mechanism, of which the act of writing itself is a part. The content of learning activities in mastering English spelling includes sets of actions for both teachers and students. The approximate stage in the activity of mastering English spelling begins with the presentation of a visual image of previously orally worked out words.Results: After identifying signs of learning difficulties in a graphic orthographic form of the words being acquired, a kind of problem situation is created, i.e. there is a need to choose actions that would most effectively overcome difficulties. The teacher helps and guides this choice. Teaching orientation in educational material, training individual actions and inclusion of acquired words in written speech activity are recognized as the main stages in such training. The authors actualize the need for specially organized didactic processes -learning steps that together form a learning activity, which is a way to form the mechanisms on which the act of writing is based. Applications of this study:This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Content and Organization of Teaching Orthography as one of the Components of Written Speech is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.