RESUMO -Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de farinha de resíduos da industrialização de tilápia (FT) na alimentação de alevinos de piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus). Cento e vinte e cinco alevinos com peso e comprimento iniciais de 0,19 ± 0,004 g e 2,37 ± 0,2 cm foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. As rações testadas continham 0; 5; 10 e 15% de FT e 0% de FT suplementada com metionina. O arraçoamento foi de 10% da biomassa quatro vezes ao dia (8, 11, 14 e 17 h). As médias dos parâmetros físico-químicos da água foram 7,89 ± 0,05, 89,93 ± 0,42, 7,15 ± 0,10 e 27,10 ± 0,95 para pH, condutividade elétrica (μS.cm -1 ), oxigênio dissolvido (mg.L -1 ) e temperatura (ºC), respectivamente. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliadas as médias de sobrevivência (SO), peso final (PF), comprimento final (CF), ganho de peso (GP), fator de condição (FC) e conversão alimentar aparente (CA). Foram observadas diferenças quanto ao CF, CA e FC entre tratamentos, obtendo-se melhores resultados naqueles com inclusão de FT e suplementação de metionina. O CF apresentou aumento linear com platô em 8,56% de FT e a CA apresentou redução linear com platô de 8,19% de inclusão de FT. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta (PB) na carcaça foram obtidos nos tratamentos com mais de 5% de FT e 0% de FT suplementado com metionina. Pode-se incluir até 15% de FT em rações para alevinos de piauçu, melhorando seu desempenho e deposição de PB na carcaça, o que torna a FT uma fonte protéica alternativa.Palavras-chave: desempenho, metionina, nutrição de peixes, resíduos industriais Effects of Feeding Tilapia By-products Flour for Piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus) FingerlingsABSTRACT -This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding Tilapia fillet by-products meal (TF) for piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus) fingerlings. One hundred and twenty-five fingerlings averaging weight of 0.19 ± 0.004 g and length of 2.37 ± 0.28 cm were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments of five replicates. The diets were formulated to contain levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15% of TF and 0% of TF plus methionine. Diets were fed at 10% of biomass four times a day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.). The means of water abiotic parameters were 7.89 ± 0.05, 89.93 ± 0.42, 7.15 ± 0.10 and 27.10 ± 0.95 for pH and electric conductivity (μS.cm -1 ) and dissolved oxygen (mg.L -1 ) and temperature (ºC), respectively. At the end of the experiment, the means of survival (SO), final weight (FW), final length (FL), weight gain (WG), condiction factor (CF), and apparent feeding conversion (FC) were measured and calculated. Significant effects of treatments on CF, CA, and FC were detected. The better results were observed with the increasing levels of FT and supplementation of methionine. FL increased and FC decreased linearly with the increasing levels of TC, where the LRP model better adjusted to data when 8.56 and 8.19% of TF levels were estimated. The ...
Poultry by products in the feeding of piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus) fingerlings RESUMO No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves (FV) na alimentação de alevinos de piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus
RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de energia digestível na ração sobre o desempenho de larvas de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), durante a fase de reversão sexual. Foram utilizadas 375 larvas com peso e comprimento inicial de 21,0 ± 4,0 mg e 11,9 ± 7,2 mm, respectivamente, distribuídos em 25 aquários com capacidade de 30 L, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, composto por cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, em que a unidade experimental foi considerada como um aquário contendo 15 larvas. As rações foram formuladas de modo a conterem 3.300; 3.525; 3.750; 3.975 e 4.200 kcal/kg de energia digestível e serem isoprotéicas (38,6% de proteína digestível). Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum cinco vezes ao dia. Ao final do experimento, foram analisadas as médias de peso final (PF), sobrevivência (SO), fator de condição (FC) e comprimento final (CF). O aumento de ED nas rações proporcionou redução linear no PF e CF dos peixes. Não foram observadas diferenças na SO e FC dos peixes nos diferentes tratamentos. Conclui-se que o aumento nos níveis de energia digestível em rações para larvas de tilápia-do-nilo durante a reversão sexual proporciona redução no desempenho.Palavras-chave: desempenho, energia digestível, exigência nutricional, larvicultura, peixes, tilápia Digestible Energy for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Larvae in the SexualReversion PhaseABSTRACT -This experiment was conducted to evaluate different levels of digestible energy on the performance of Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus) during the sexual reversion phase. Three hundred and seventy-five larvae with initial average length and weight of 21.0±4.0 mg and 1.19±0.72 cm, respectively, were allotted to 25 30L-aquarium. A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. The aquarium with 15 larvae was the experimental unit. The diets were formulated to contain levels of 3,300, 3,525, 3,750, 3,975, and 4,200 kcal/kg of digestible energy and to be isoprotein (38.6% digestible protein). The animals were fed ad libitum five times a day. At the end of the experiment, the averages of weight (PF), survival rate (SO), condition factor (FC) and length (CF) were analyzed. Linear reduction of fishes PF and CF, as the dietary digestible energy levels increased, was observed. No differences on fish SO and FC of different treatments were observed. Deleterious effects on performance due to the increasing dietary digestible energy levels were noticed for Nile tilapia larvae during the sexual reversion.
RESUMO -Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes níveis de energia digestível na dieta sobre o desempenho de alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Utilizaram-se 125 alevinos com peso e comprimento iniciais de 0,62±0,12 g e 3,25±0,25 cm, respectivamente, distribuídos em 25 aquários com capacidade de 30 L, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, em que a unidade experimental consistiu de um aquário contendo cinco alevinos. As rações, isoprotéicas (30% de proteína digestível), isofosfóricas e isocalcíticas, foram formuladas para conter 2.900; 3.025; 3.150; 3.275 e 3.400 kcal/kg de energia digestível. A quantidade de ração fornecida (quatro vezes ao dia) correspondeu a 10% da biomassa. Os parâmetros físico-químicos da água (oxigênio dissolvido -OD, pH e condutividade elétrica -CE) foram mensurados semanalmente, à tarde, e a temperatura, diariamente, antes da primeira e da última sifonagem, apresentando médias de 8,00±0,05 mg/L; 7,91±0,19; 92,11±2,27 μS/cm e 25,61±0,90 o C, respectivamente. Ao final do experimento, foram analisadas as médias de peso final, ganho de peso, comprimento final, conversão alimentar aparente, sobrevivência e fator de condição.Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho de alevinos entre os diferentes tratamentos. Recomenda-se a utilização de 2.900 a 3.400 kcal de ED/kg na ração de alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo. Palavras-chave: desempenho, energia, Oreochromis niloticus, tilápia Digestible energy for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlingsABSTRACT -The different levels of digestible energy on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were evaluated. One hundred and twenty-five fingerlings averaging initial length and weight of 0.62±0.12 and 3.25±0.25 cm were allotted to 25 30L-aquariums, as a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates (an aquarium with five fingerlings was considered the experimental unit). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous (30% of digestible protein), isophosphorous and isocalcium, contained 3, 300, 3,525, 3,750, 3,975, and 4,200 kcal/kg of digestible energy. The amount of diet was fed of 10% of biomass four times a day. The abiotic parameters (pH, dissolved oxigen -DO, and electric condutivity -EC) were weekly measured at afternoon and the temperature was was daily mensured. The following values were observed: pH of 7.91±0.19, DO of 8.00±0.05 mg/L, EC of 92.11±2.27 μS/cm, and temperature of 25.61±0.90 o C. At the end of experiment, means of final weight, weight gain, final length, apparent feeding conversion, survival rate and condition factor were analyzed. No significant differences on fingerling perfomance were found across the treatments. It can be included from 2,900 to 3,400 kcal of ED/kg in the diet of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
B. splendens, a worldwide widespread species (Alderton & Guibbs, 2011), belongs to the anabantid family and has a carnivorous feeding habit, a wide variety of colours, sizes, openings and shapes of the tail fin, in addition to the ability to capture atmospheric oxygen and little demand for management, outstanding characteristics of the species.In all its breeding stages, quality food is of fundamental importance for the proper development of Bettas (Faria et al., 2006). However, adequate feed formulations are essential for the good development of a species (Furuya, 2010; NRC, 2011). In fish diets, the main protein source of animal origin used is fishmeal, however, due to the high demand and environmental consequences of this ingredient, a reduction in its supply is expected (Silva et al., 2017).Thus, the aquaculture food industry seeks to adapt by investigating alternative protein sources with high availability in the market and attractive palatability that can be included in diets for fish, thus reducing food waste (Apper et al., 2016;Tantikitti, 2014).Currently, factors such as availability, good biological quality and low cost of agro-industrial co-products arouse interest in their use in animal
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