The objective of this study was to identify cognitive apprehensions used by fifth-and sixth-grade students (10-12-year-olds) when answering far generalization questions in two problems of visual pattern generalization. A total of 81 students solved two linear generalizing problems, presented in two different configurations, in a succession of figures (square tables or trapezoid tables). The results showed that students used different types of cognitive apprehensions to solve problems and that these apprehensions sometimes changed according to the configuration of the sequence of figures. This finding indicates that configurations could determine apprehensions used by students, which in some cases led to the emergence of algebraic thinking. In addition, difficulties in modifying apprehension and a lack of coordination between spatial and numerical structures could explain some students' difficulties in far generalization.
Este trabajo caracteriza la evolución del pensamiento algebraico en alumnos de Educación Primaria (6 a 12 años) cuando resuelven un problema de generalización lineal con una sucesión de figuras. Los resultados indican que el pensamiento algebraico se inicia con la coordinación de la estructura espacial y numérica puesta de manifiesto por el uso de representaciones gráficas para hacer un recuento. El cambio de una representación gráfica a una estrategia funcional supone un salto cualitativo ya que implica apoyarse en una figura particular para explicar los cálculos usando deícticos espaciales, o dar explicaciones sobre las figuras en general usando la indeterminación. Estos resultados pueden utilizarse en la formación inicial de maestros para introducir trayectorias de aprendizaje del pensamiento algebraico temprano como referencia en el aprendizaje del maestro sobre el pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes.
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