In CD patients, SIBO is a highly prevalent condition. Stricturing phenotype and increased FCC were strongly and independently associated with the presence of SIBO. SIBO diagnostic work-up followed by directed treatment is recommended in CD patients who present stricturing disease, especially in those with concurrent intestinal inflammation.

INTRODUCTIONStudents' motivation, educational strategies, types of assessment and different learning approaches are factors that are considered fundamental to medical education. They have an important influence on the teaching-learning process. 1-3 Biggs 4 defined learning approaches as the combination of motivation and strategy that students use in the learning process, which can be "surface" or "deep".The deep approach comprises the capacity to correlate new and previous knowledge, study comprehensively in order to obtain the "entire picture" and search for meaning and implications for the acquired knowledge. 5 Its strategy is based on personal commitment to the learning process and its motivation is intrinsic, in the search for self-fulfillment. 4 This contrasts with the surface approach, which is the tendency to choose the quickest way to accomplish the task, in which students study the material in a linear manner, do not ask in-depth questions, do not show proper interest in the subject and rely on memory instead of comprehension. 5 Students with surface approaches tend to achieve the minimum necessary to avoid failure at school. 6Previous studies have pointed out that the same students can have varying approaches, depending on the subject that they are studying, levels of apprehension and work overload. 7,8 Understanding these learning approaches could have important repercussions on students' academic life. Mattick et al. 9 showed that students with a deep approach tend to be more organized, monitor their studies better and exert a greater effort to learn, such that their performance in tests is better. The same results were found by McManus et al., 10 who found that students with a deep approach had better outcomes in final exams. I MD. Physician and Research Collaborator in the ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Different approaches to learning can exert considerable influence on the teaching-learning process in medical education. This study aimed to investigate the association of surface and deep learning with study patterns, preferred type of assessment, practices of cheating and quality of sleep among medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on medical students enrolled in all six years of a medical school in Juiz de Fora, Brazil. METHODS: Questionnaires were applied to evaluate learning approaches (R-SPQ-2F), study patterns, sources and choices, and quality of sleep. Students' learning approaches (deep or surface) were assessed in relation to their study patterns, study resources, quality of sleep and whether they cheated in tests. RESULTS: Among the 710 students included, 43% frequently studied on the night before an exam, 65% had used psychostimulants to study and more than 46% had cheated in an exam. Regarding quality of sleep, most students (53.4%) reported that their quality of sleep was poor, such that 45.3% slept for fewer than five hours before an exam. Those who studied just prior to an exam, used class summaries, preferred multiple-choice questions and cheated during the test had a mor...

The living will is a document in which the patients specify their wishes regarding what treatments should be carried out if they are in terminal condition. As it is a new subject, it has been generating doubts in relation to its diffusion, social acceptance and ethical principles. Our study is aimed at verifying the knowledge of healthcare professionals about this document, and analyzing different aspects related to its legal regulation and applicability. A cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study was performed in a sample of 351 healthcare professionals, through the application of a survey containing 29 multiple-choice questions, 9 about the sociodemographic profile and 20 about the opinion of the interviewees regarding the document. Among the respondents, 7.98% declared they knew how to write the document, 73.79% felt safer with its regulation, and 61.82% would do it for themselves (p < 0.05). Despite not previously knowing what a living will was, the majority of the sample stated they were in favour of the document and its regulation. This result suggests a need for further discussion and disclosure on the subject in the health sector. Keywords: Advance directives. Bioethics. Critical illness. Professional practice. Resumo Testamento vital: o que pensam profissionais de saúde?O testamento vital é um documento em que os pacientes expõem suas vontades acerca de quais tratamentos serão realizados caso se encontrem em estado terminal. Por ser tema recente, tem gerado dúvidas em relação à sua difusão, aceitação social e princípios éticos. Nosso objetivo foi verificar o grau de conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde a respeito desse documento e analisar aspectos de sua regulamentação legal e aplicabilidade. Tratou-se de pesquisa transversal, descritiva e quantitativa, com 351 profissionais de saúde, mediante entrevista composta de 29 questões de múltipla escolha, 9 abrangendo o perfil sociodemográfico da amostra e 20, a opinião sobre o testamento vital. Entre os entrevistados, 7,98% declararam saber redigi--lo, 73,79% se sentiriam mais seguros com sua regulamentação e 61,82% o fariam para si próprios (p < 0,05). A maioria amostral declarou-se favorável ao documento e à sua regulamentação, apesar de desconhecê-lo previamente, o que sugere a necessidade de maior discussão e divulgação sobre o tema na área de saúde. Palavras-chave: Bioética. Diretivas antecipadas. Estado terminal. Prática profissional. ResumenTestamento vital: ¿lo que piensan profesionales de la salud? El testamento vital es un documento en el cual los pacientes exponen sus deseos acerca de qué tratamientos se realizarán si se encuentran en estado terminal. Por ser un tema reciente, ha generado dudas sobre su difusión, aceptación social y principios éticos. Nuestro objetivo consiste en verificar el grado de conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre este documento y analizar aspectos de su regulación legal y aplicabilidad. Se trata de una investigación transversal, descriptiva y cuantitativa, con 351 profesionales de la sa...

O acometimento esofágico por doenças autoimunes tem sido cada vez mais reportado na literatura. A incidência e a prevalência de esofagite eosinofílica têm aumentado nas últimas décadas e as opções terapêuticas têm evoluído bastante, mas o corticoide tópico e o uso de inibidores de bombas de prótons permanecem como excelentes opções terapêuticas. Diversas doenças sistêmicas autoimunes podem cursar com acometimento esofágico secundário, com prejuízos da motilidade do corpo esofágico e do esfíncter esofagiano inferior. Esse acometimento se traduz principalmente em disfagia e refluxo gastroesofágico patológico, com suas complicações associadas. Atenção deve ser dada ao tratamento da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico nesses pacientes, de tal forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida e evitar complicações, como esôfago de Barrett e estenoses pépticas. Unitermos: esclerose sistêmica; esofagite eosinofílica; manometria; disfagia; refluxo gastroesofágico.