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BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that develops until the age of 16. The involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was reported in 17-87% of JIA patients. Although TMJ arthritis may be asymptomatic, it can lead to changes in facial growth. The panoramic radiograph (PR) of the mandible provides an overview of the teeth and bones of the face including the TMJ. Unlike other imaging exams, it is a non-expensive method with high availability and does not require sedation in young children.

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