This study aimed to determine ANGPTL3 serum levels in healthy young lean and obese non-diabetic men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and correlate them with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. A case–control study was carried out and 30 young obese non-diabetic (23.90 ± 3.84 years and BMI 37.92 ± 4.85 kg/m2) and 28 age-matched healthy lean (24.56 ± 3.50 years and BMI of 22.10 ± 1.72 kg/m2) men were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were serum basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–area under the curve (AUC) levels. The percentage of body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical, hormonal and insulin resistance indices were determined. Basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–AUC levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in young obese subjects compared with lean subjects and were positively and significantly associated with different anthropometric measurements. Fasting ANGPTL3 serum levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin, leptin, Leptin/Adiponectin index and triglyceride—glucose index. Moreover, ANGPTL3–AUC was negatively correlated with Matsuda index. In this regard, chronically high ANGPTL3 levels in young obese subjects might favor triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance to replenish triglyceride stores by white adipose tissue rather than oxidative tissues.

<p>Esta revisión de los inhibidores de dipeptidil dipeptidasa-4 busca motivar el uso racional de este grupo farmacológico en la práctica diaria; estos son una nueva opción terapéutica en monoterapia o terapia combinada para el tratamiento de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En Colombia, se encuentran disponibles: sitagliptina, vildagliptina, saxagliptina y linagliptina. Si bien todas las gliptinas tienen el mismo mecanismo de acción, aumentando la vida media del péptido similar al glucagón, esta revisión presenta las diferencias entre sus propiedades farmacológicas, eventos adversos y perfil de seguridad. Estos medicamentos son segunda o tercera línea para el tratamiento oral de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 o, primera línea, en los pacientes intolerantes a metformina. Además, tienen algunas ventajas como menor riesgo de hipoglucemia, son seguros en adultos mayores, disminuyen la variabilidad de la glucemia; se pueden utilizar en la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, con o sin terapia de reemplazo renal y la insuficiencia hepática.</p><p><strong>Palabras claves</strong></p><p>Inhibidores de dipeptidil dipeptidasa IV, sitagliptina, vildagliptina, saxagliptina, linagliptina, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2.</p>

No abstract

Ghrelin is an orexigenic gastric peptide hormone implicated in pleiotropic functions, playing an important role in the regulation of food intake and homeostatic body weight regulation mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Recently, the liver and small intestine–derived peptide liver enriched antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) was characterized to acts as an endogenous GHSR antagonist and blunts the orexigenic action of ghrelin. On the other hand, physiologic maternal weight gain during each trimester of pregnancy might be associated primarily with the developing fetus and the maternal energy requirements. This study aimed to determine serum LEAP-2 levels and Ghrelin/Leap-2 ratio in pregnant women at each trimester of gestation and three months postpartum. We conducted a nested study within an observational prospective cohort study. Twenty five healthy women were longitudinally studied during the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and three months postpartum. Additionally, twenty healthy non – pregnant women were studied during the follicular a luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Biochemical and hormonal laboratory measurements were performed during the early morning hours (07: 00-08: 00 hours) following an overnight fast (9: 00-10: 00 hours). Human serum Ghrelin (MBS283919) and LEAP-2 (MBS917663) levels were determined using the commercially available ELISA kits and the ratio between circulating Ghrelin and Leap-2 (Ghrelin/Leap-2) levels was calculated. The clinical and biochemical parameters in the studied population of pregnant women and non – pregnant women were described. In healthy pregnant women, circulating Ghrelin levels decreased significantly in the third trimester of gestation (p&lt;0.05). Also, serum Ghrelin levels are markedly increased after delivery and reaching the levels from first trimester of pregnancy (p&gt;0.05). Additionally, in healthy pregnant women, a significant decrease was observed in serum LEAP-2 concentrations from second to third trimesters of pregnancy (p&lt;0.05). In addition, serum LEAP-2 levels were significantly increased after delivery and returned to the levels of the first trimester of gestation. The Ghrelin/Leap-2 ratio increases significantly during pregnancy and reaches its peak in the second and third trimester of gestation in healthy pregnant women (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that Ghrelin/Leap-2 ratio increase steadily during pregnancy reaching their peak in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, the findings of this study suggest that Ghrelin/Leap-2 ratio might play an important role in maternal physiology adaptation of weight gain during pregnancy. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

The ratio between circulating levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB‐R), the free leptin index (FLI), is used as a marker of leptin resistance. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the FLI in mild pre‐eclamptic pregnancies in a nested case–control study within a prospective observational study. Circulating levels of leptin and sOB‐R levels rise significantly during pregnancy in healthy ( p < 0.05) ( n = 46) and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies ( p < 0.05) ( n = 20). Serum levels of leptin were significantly higher in pre‐eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies at second and third trimesters of pregnancy ( p < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of sOB‐R were significantly lower in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared to healthy pregnancies ( p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that FLI did not vary significantly during pregnancy in healthy women ( p > 0.05), while it increases in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies ( p < 0.05). Indeed, FLI was significantly higher at second and third trimesters of pregnancy in pre‐eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies ( p < 0.05). In addition, FLI was significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women ( p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the ability of leptin (AUC = 0.72) and FLI (AUC = 0.67) as a reliable predictor for mild pre‐eclampsia during the second trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, our findings show that FLI were significantly increased in mild pre‐eclamptic pregnancies and allowed us to hypothesize that this rise might alter leptin bioavailability and bioactivity which might lead to the sympathetic hyperactivity and the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.