No abstract

Long-range Marine Autonomous Systems (MAS), operating beyond the visual line-of-sight of a human pilot or research ship, are creating unprecedented opportunities for oceanographic data collection. Able to operate for up to months at a time, periodically communicating with a remote pilot via satellite, long-range MAS vehicles significantly reduce the need for an expensive research ship presence within the operating area. Heterogeneous fleets of MAS vehicles, operating simultaneously in an area for an extended period of time, are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to provide an improved composite picture of the marine environment. However, at present, the expansion of the size and complexity of these multi-vehicle operations is limited by a number of factors: (1) custom control-interfaces require pilots to be trained in the use of each individual vehicle, with limited cross-platform standardization; (2) the data produced by each vehicle are typically in a custom vehicle-specific format, making the automated ingestion of observational data for near-real-time analysis and assimilation into operational ocean models very difficult; (3) the majority of MAS vehicles do not provide machine-to-machine interfaces, limiting the development and usage of common piloting tools, multi-vehicle operating strategies, autonomous control algorithms and automated data delivery. In this paper, we describe a novel piloting and data management system (C2) which provides a unified web-based infrastructure for the operation of long-range MAS vehicles within the UK's National Marine Equipment Pool. The system automates the archiving, standardization and delivery of near-real-time science data and associated metadata from the vehicles to end-users and Global Data Assembly Centers mid-mission. Through the use and promotion of standard data formats and machine interfaces throughout the C2 system, we seek to enable future opportunities to collaborate with both the marine science and robotics communities to maximize the delivery of high-quality oceanographic data for world-leading science.

Currently, pilots maximise the performance of Seaglider underwater gliders by manually selecting their set-up parameters. Building on existing procedures based on the assumption of steady-state motions, a recommender system for the trim and flight parameters has been developed to aid trainee pilots and enable round-the-clock operations. The system has been validated with data from 12 missions run in waters off the United Kingdom and Australia, representative of a range of oceanographic conditions. The recommended trim parameters present a maximum difference of 14% from the values selected by the pilots, whereas pilots are found not to change the flight parameters. Additionally, suggestions are made to improve operational practices to further improve the accuracy of the recommender system. As a result, the developed system is expected to greatly help trainee pilots achieve expertise in a much smaller time frame than standard practice. Additionally, thanks to its high precision, the recommender system can be used to autonomously select the trim and flight parameters of Seagliders for night operations in the future.