Molinos, A. (2013). Evaluation of movement and physiological demands of full-back and center-back soccer players using global positioning systems. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(4), pp.1015-1028. Purpose: This study investigated the physiological demands between Full-back and Center-Back soccer players during official matches and using Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. Methods: Four Full-back (FB) and four Center-back (CB) semi-professional soccer players (mean ± SD age 21,33 ± 2.07 y, height 179.53 ± 4,37 cm, and weight 76.62 ± 3.32 Kg) participated in this study during 2012. Match performance was reported as total distance, speed categories (stationary-walking (0-3.9 km/h), jogging (4.0-6.9 km/h), quick running (7.0-12.9 km/h), high-intensity running (13.0-17.9 km/h) and sprint (>18 km/h)), maximum speed, workload, high-intensity running distance (HIR: Sprint and High-intensity running), rest time and high/low intensity ratio. Data were expressed per 15-min period of game time, separate into positions roles. Results: in all periods of time, FB covered a significant higher total distance, HIR efforts, Workload and maximum speed. CB spent higher distance in walking speed category. FB had also a lower high/low ratio and shorter rest time. When compared with periods of time, rest time was longer each 15-min, but in the last period (75-90) HIR was higher than in the previous periods of time. Conclusions: Significant differences exist between Full-back and Center-back players, therefore, physical training in soccer should also be based on the specific requirements of the playing positions.

Molinos, A. (2013). Effects of adaptogen supplementation on sport performance. A recent review of published studies. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(4), pp.1054-1066. Objective: Adaptogens are a new class of metabolic regulators (plants from natural origin) which have been shown to increase the ability of organism to adapt environmental factors and to avoid body damage. These properties offer the possibility to utilize them to increase the performance in situations of mental and physical stress, and thus used it to improve sport performance. Methods: A literature search was conducted for articles published until December 2012 in major databases. Publications were searched without language restrictions, using combination of Keywords. Results: Latest research show that Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Schisandra chinensis, Panax ginseng and Erkang offer some physical and mental benefits to use in sport nutrition.Conclusion: This review demonstrate Adaptogen supplementation can improve the sport performance, however there are not enough reliable studies to conclude this assertion as absolute in all sports, therefore we suggest further researches with any of these Adaptogens in order to ascertain this results.