Loads could affect the body gait in various ways. Backpacks, sling bags, suitcases, and even trolleys could hugely affect human gait without us realizing it. The effects of these loads have been scientifically researched in biomechanics and sports science for the past few years. For instance, the comparison of walking with and without a backpack could easily reveal significant differences in body segments, which could be utilized for therapy and medicine development. The aim of this research is to determine the differences of the spatiotemporal kinematic parameters between a conventional human gait and a backpack-loaded gait. Some parameters to be highlighted are stride lengths, stride duration, joint angles, linear and angular segment positions, velocities, and accelerations. The method used for marker data acquisition is based on the 2-dimensional Direct Linear Transformation. The results demonstrate that the backpack increases stride lengths and reduces stride duration, contrast to the expected where backpacks would reduce stride lengths. It was observed that the angle between the bag and the body posterior affects the abdomen relative angle, which directly translates to stride lengths as well. During unloaded walking, increases in pelvic rotation contribute to increases in stride length with increasing walking speed. However, in loaded walking, the back angle is also a factor in determining kinematic parameters.

Nowadays, it is difficult to access physical exercise facilities because people spent most of their time at work. Therefore, physical exercises that could be done with less equipment and space are more likely needed, and a push-up is one of them. There are several kinds of push-up which two are regular push-up and knuckle push-up. Both of them differ in hand posture, which carries a different risk of injury. In this research, kinematic parameters of joints on both of the push-up method that was acquired from optical motion capture using 120 fps GoPro camera and six markers were compared to identify which method would lead to a higher risk of injury. From analyzing the elbow joints acceleration, it was observed that the maximum value of both the linear and angular acceleration of knuckle push-up was larger. This means that the elbow joints suffered more load during knuckle push-up, leading to a higher risk of injury.