Introduction: Tooth eruption is a long and complex physiological process whichis responsible for the tooth’s movement from its site of development in the jaw’s bone where itis formed until reaching the occlusal plane and starting its function. Objectives: The objectivesof this study were to assess the eruption of permanent teeth according to gender in localpopulation. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Three hundred School children agedbetween 6-15 years were included in this study. Period: The study was conducted in September2017. Material and Methods: Data was collected by undertaking the oral examination of eachchild present on the day of examination. Results: A sample of 300 children was studied; TheMean age and standard deviation was 9.86 ± 2.057 respectively. Frequency of male to femalesubjects remained 150 (50%) and 150 (50%) respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion we foundthat as per the normal eruption dates, delayed eruption was seen in all the teeth of both gendersrespectively, but we cannot conclude that in our region delayed eruption will certainly be seenin all the children as our sample size was small. In this study the main discrepancy was seen in2nd premolar for males and 2nd Molar in females.

Objective: The aim is to identify the accuracy of age estimation following the mandibular body length by lateral cephalograms Methodology: Mandibular body length was calculated using lateral cephalograms. 60 participants' lateral cephalograms were traced using the same view box. LMB was obtained by marking reference points on the most anteroinferior part of the mandible, specifically the gonion (Go), which is the constructed point at the intersection of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane, and the gnathion (Gn), which is the constructed point between the menton and the pogonion. With a ruler, the line drawn from Go to Gn was measured, and the results were recorded in millimeters. The results of the acquired values were statistically analyzed Result: With all these parameters (P >0.9516 mandibular body length the findings obtained are of no important distinction between estimated age and real age. The duration of the mandibular body indicates less normal error test (i.e. 0.188) among these. Practical implication Conclusion: mandibular body length was not statistically significant with the chronological age of the patient. The mandibular body length, however, is the highest parameter with the least standard error. Little difference was seen with LMB in this study, with a P value of 0.0490. The mean and standard deviation of the mean length of the mandibular body in males and females from lateral cephalogram showed insignificant results with the p-value. Keywords: lateral cephalogram, Mandibular measurements, and Orthopantomograms.

Objectives: To compare trismus in surgical removal of impacted mandibularthird molar using comma incision and standard Wards incision. Study Design: Cross sectionalstudy. Setting: Dental OPD of Isra Dental College, Isra University. Period: 1st January to 30thJune 2016. Materials and Methods: A sample of 50 patients of impacted third molar wasselected by non-probability purposive sampling for tooth extraction either by conventionaltechnique or by coma shaped incision at the Department of Oral surgery, Isra Dental CollegeHospital. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Post-operativemeasurement of trismus was measured on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively. Results: Mean ±SD age in group A and B was noted as 28.5 ± 4.32 and 27.2 ± 4.39 years respectively. Maleand female in groups A and B were noted as 16 (64%) and 9 (36%), & 14 (56%) and 11 (44%)respectively. Right and left lower mandibular teeth extraction in groups A and B were noted 11and 14, & 10 and 15 respectively. Trismus was measured preoperatively and subsequently atday 1, day 3 and day 7. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Coma incision was preferable over theconventional method- the standard Ward`s incision because of lesser degree of trismus seen.Further research with newer flap designs and the comma design should be preferred by theclinicians for the extraction of impacted third molar surgery.

Aims: To assess swelling after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar using two different techniques i.e. comma incision and standard Wards incision. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Dental OPD of Isra Dental College, Isra University. Period: February to August 2017. Materials and Methods: A sample of 70 patients with impacted third molar was selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients were distributed in either conventional technique or by coma shaped incision groups. All procedure was carried out at the Department of Oral surgery, Isra Dental College Hospital. Post-operative measurement of swelling was measured on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively. Results: Mean ± SD was noted as 28.70 ± 3.89 years respectively. Age distribution was from 20 – 35 years. Gender distribution in group A was 11 (31.4%) males and 24 (68.6%) females while in group B was 17 (48.5%) males and 18 (51.5%) females respectively with X2 = 2.14 and p= 0.22. Swelling was measured after surgical extraction at day 1, day 3 and day 7. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the swelling was to some extent reduced in the Coma incision in comparison to the standard Ward`s incision. Further research with newer flap designs like the comma design, which might lessen the post-operative problems, ought to be measured in the extraction of impacted third molar surgery.

Background: The determination of age after a person has died is a potential stage in the postmortem profiling process that leads to definitive identification. Demirjian's method, designed for use with children, establishes maturity scores as a function of age using eight developmental stages and polynomial functions to estimate age as a function of the score. Aim: This study's purpose was to examine the accuracy of age estimate by employing Demirjian's eight teeth approach following French maturity scores & an Indian-specific formula generated from third molar growth phases by use of orthopantomograms. Materials and Methods: 30 participants, each with a known chronological age and gender, had dental panoramic tomograms taken, which were then assessed using Demirjian's standards. The Indian method and the Demirjian formula were used to calculate ages. The P values obtained from the statistical analysis, which included the Chi-square test and the ANOVA test, were statistically significant. Results: Both Indian and Demirjian's formulations had an average underestimate of age. Since the Indian method had a reduced mean absolute error, it may be used to estimate ages Additionally, females complete dental development sooner than boys do since they were faster to reach dental maturity. Conclusion: If population-specific formulae are developed using regression analysis and ethnic and environmental variance is taken into account, more accuracy may be attained. Keywords: chronological age, dental maturity, panoramic, radiographs, third molar,