Aim: To find out the incidence rate of post-thyroidectomy immediate hypocalcemia within 48 hours and explore the association of pre-operative vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among 122 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy over one year (from January 2018 to December 2018) in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. After thyroidectomy, all patients were admitted and observed for at least 24-48 hours. The postoperative hypocalcemia, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphate (PO4), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D level were collected.Results: During 2018 a total of 122 (mean age 41.6±1.2 years; females 90.2%) patients underwent total thyroidectomy. The mean calcium level in the first two days was 2.07 mmol/L and 2.01 mmol/L. Most of the cases of hypocalcemia occurred on day 1 postoperatively. Hypocalcemia mainly occurs in patients with benign pathology. The level of vitamin D in those patients with benign pathology was significantly lower as compared to those with malignant pathology (49±23 vs 62±25; P=0.009). The overall mean level of vitamin D was 54.6±25 (50-150 nmol/L). Interestingly, there were no correlation between pre-operative vitamin D, PTH level and postoperative hypocalcemia. There were no statistically significant differences between postoperative hypocalcemia with other parameters except for pre-operative alkaline phosphatase which was barely positive (P=0.052).Conclusion: The outcomes of this study manifestly illustrated that a significant decline in calcium level after the surgery. In contrast to previous studies, our findings did not show a significant correlation between vitamin D level and hypocalcemia. This could be due to small sample size. Furthermore, the mean level of vitamin D in our cohort was 54 which was within the normal range. Further, well-designed randomized controlled trials with greater sample sizes are necessary to validate our findings.

Background: Since now a time, the main challenge is the security of publically available audio, video & text data i.e. social media communication; hence the author presents an exceedingly secure communication system to hide the data from an attentive adversary. Objective: The aim is to design and analyze a novel algorithm to be implemented for message transmission using multiimage LSB steganography and crucial variable-length cryptography. Encoder, decoder and social media as a channel are main parts of the study. Methods: This model uses different computer techniques like cryptography and steganography with video handling. The evolution interest of this work is to implement the raw video as the cover on the QR code image. This image is to be transmitted as information by enshrouding it in the raw footage. Additionally, encryption of QR code image using VLMKG (Variable length Mixed key Generation) cryptography improve the author's endeavors. The variable-length key is generated separately to implement the cryptography. In the proposed modal, multi-image LSB steganography is imposed which gives one-bit replacement in the spatial domain. Wavelet Transform (Daubechies family) has been applied for denoising purpose in a way to enhance the accuracy of receiving message. Results: The author found that using the proposed model on an agreement of five QR Code images with three raw video grouping, any information in the form of QR code image can be transmitted successfully. Conclusion: The creator efforts with LSB steganography, variable length key cryptography and MATLAB usage had superbly extracted the image features, calculations and the consequences were observed to be palatable.